The effect of past behavior on variety seeking: Automatic and deliberative influences

Consumers often make multiple purchases of products to use over a period of time. In doing so, they sometimes choose their most preferred option for use on each occasion. In other cases, however, they are likely to distribute their choices over several alternatives. These decision strategies could be applied either deliberately or spontaneously without awareness of the factors that give rise to their application. Three studies examined the conditions in which these spontaneous and deliberative processes exert an influence on variety seeking.     

The Effects of US Presidential Elections on Work Engagement and Job Performance

We predicted that presidential election results would spill over to influence the work domain. Individuals who voted for the winning candidate were expected to experience increased engagement, whereas individuals who voted for the losing candidate were expected to experience decreased engagement. We tested these predictions within the context of the 2016 US presidential election. Using a sample of 232 working Americans, work engagement and job performance were assessed one week prior to the election, the day after the election, and one week after the election. Contrary to our prediction, individuals who voted for Trump (the winning candidate) did not report increased work engagement, thereby providing no evidence of positive spillover. However, individuals who voted for Clinton (the losing candidate) were less engaged on the day after the election compared to baseline, demonstrating negative spillover. Downstream, work engagement was positively related to job performance. However, these effects were relatively short-lived, as engagement returned to baseline levels within one week following the election. Our results suggest that elections can have important implications for work-related outcomes. From a practical perspective we suggest that to the extent possible it may be prudent to avoid scheduling important work tasks for the days following presidential elections.     

心理契约:概念、理论模型以及最新发展研究

文章简要回顾了组织行为学中有关心理契约的系列研究,包括概念的提出,理论模型,分类及测量,探讨了该领域的主要理论体系及分歧、论辩焦点,对在新经济背景下心理契约的新变化．新发展以及相关研究做了阐述,并在最后对该领域理论发展的前景作了展望。     

先前知识、超文本层次深度和类型对低结构化信息搜索的影响

探讨先前知识、超文本层次深度和类型对低结构化中文信息搜索的影响。采用2(先前知识)×8(文本组织形式)的被试间设计,以平均搜索时间和迷路指数为因变量。结果发现:(1)先前知识对线性文本和超文本(尤其是层次型超文本)的搜索均有利;(2)随着层次深度的增加,对超文本的搜索时间显著增加,迷路指数也呈增加的趋势;(3)搜索线性文本的迷路指数显著低于超文本;(4)不同类型超文本的搜索绩效基本无显著差异。因此,先前知识、层次深度对超文本信息搜索的影响比超文本类型和信息的结构化水平更重要。     

基于计算机仿真的颜色认知实验方法研究

近年来计算机仿真的实验研究方法逐渐成为颜色认知研究的主流方法,该方法克服了传统方法的诸多缺陷。本研究在现有技术的基础上构建了颜色研究仿真系统,并改进了CIE规定的有关CRT显示器颜色标定的方法。笔者通过颜色匹配实验考察了人对CRT显示器上仿真照明体颜色外观的辨别精度,结果表明上述颜色仿真系统在颜色认知实验中具有良好的适用性,并发现被试在计算机模拟颜色刺激的条件下,可进行精确的颜色匹配;不同照明条件下的色差有所不同。这些结果也为建立颜色认知模型提供了人的基准匹配数据。     

A joint modeling framework of responses and response times to assess learning outcomes

Abstract

A general modeling framework of response accuracy and response times is proposed to track skill acquisition and provide additional diagnostic information on the change of latent speed in a learning environment. This framework consists of two types of models: a dynamic response model that captures the response accuracy and the change of discrete latent attribute profile upon factors such as practice, intervention effects, and other latent and observable covariates, and a dynamic response time model that describes the change of the continuous response latency due to change of latent attribute profile. These two types of models are connected through a parameter, describing the change rate of the latent speed through the learning process, and a covariate defined as a function of the latent attribute profile. A Bayesian estimation procedure is developed to calibrate the model parameters and measure the latent variables. The estimation algorithm is evaluated through several simulation studies under various conditions. The proposed models are applied to a real data set collected through a spatial rotation diagnostic assessment paired with learning tools.     

中国哲学研究的新视野——两岸"中国哲学研究的身体维度"学术会议综述

从最初对西方身体转向的应激反应,到开始关注中国古代哲学的身体维度,再到多角度、宽领域深入开掘中国传统哲学的身体特质,作为中国哲学研究的新视野,中国哲学的身体性研究展现出了非凡的活力.关于这一研究的新进展,海峡两岸"中国哲学研究的身体维度"会议从三个方面,即"身体与伦理"、"体感与体知"、"身体与语文"作了细致的探讨,不仅深化了中国哲学的身体性研究,也推进了海峡两岸学者在这一领域的学术交流,中国哲学的身体性研究已成为建设当代文化的重要资源.     

俄罗斯神秘主义流行现状研究(下)

神秘主义,从灵学史的角度来考察,是一个世界现象。所以考察俄罗斯神秘主义的流行,就必须放在一个大环境下来思考。俄罗斯神秘主义流行与前苏联的演变有密不可分的关系,与美苏的争霸及世界格局的变迁也息息相关。本文即是从与前苏联的比较研究中,寻找可以借鉴的历史教训。     

语境信息对面部表情加工的影响

为检验语境信息在面部表情加工和识别中的作用,通过两个实验考察语境信息的情绪性和自我相关性对中性以及不同强度恐惧面孔情绪加工的影响。结果发现,积极语境下中性情绪面孔效价的评分更高,自我相关语境下中性面孔唤醒度的评分更高;消极语境下面孔的恐惧情绪更容易被察觉。因此,面部表情加工中的语境效应表现为对中性情绪面孔的情绪诱发和增强作用,以及在情绪一致情况下对不同情绪强度面孔判断的促进作用。