铁路灯光信号显示的一些研究

铁路色灯信号不论在白天或夜间都指挥着列车的运行,其显示好坏直接关系到列车的安全和效率。影响色灯信号显示的因素很多,如光源参数,光系统结构,灯光散角,天气好坏等。而色灯信号的颜色,观察距离(或视张角)以及亮对比度是人对信号识别的三个较重要因素,所以我们想从这三个方面来讨论信号灯光显示问题。     

无神论、宗教与道德

要讲清无神论与道德问题,首先要讲清宗教与 道德问题。我们就从宗教与道德讲起。 第一部分:实践部分 一、布什到清华大学演讲,鼓励学生们信宗 教,说信了宗教,道德就高尚。 二、宗教界有不少人说,信了教,道德就高 尚。不信教,无法无天,无恶不作。 三、宗教研究的学者,也有不少人说,信了教 道德就高尚。并且援引某些资料说,某某地区信教 的多,犯罪率就低。某某人信了教,改掉了过去的 毛病。     

How does green advertising skepticism on social media affect consumer intention to purchase green products?

Underpinned by the stimulus–organism–response model, this study explores the underlying mechanism through which green advertising skepticism on social media affects consumer green purchase intention. It also investigates the boundary factors that moderate this indirect relationship. Performing structural equation modeling on data collected from an online survey on Sina Weibo, this study finds that green advertising skepticism on social media negatively affects green purchase intention through the mediation of perceived information utility. Moreover, interdependent self‐construal positively moderates, and independent self‐construal negatively moderates this indirect relationship. These findings suggest that truthful and consumer‐tailored green advertising is crucial to green product marketing.     

Event-related potential as a measure of effects of report order and training on identification of multidimensional stimuli

This experiment investigated effects of report order and training on multidimensional stimulus identification. Subjects were required to identify each two-dimensional symbol. There were two orders of reporting the two dimensions of a stimulus. Subjects performed the task for three practice sessions. Both behavioral data and event-related potentials were recorded. Analysis showed order of report had no significant effect on behavior data. But when participants responded in Order Shape/ Part, they showed more N2 inhibition for Order Part/Shape. The P3 mean amplitude was marginally significantly greater for Order Part/Shape than Order Shape/Part. This indicated Order Part/Shape, according to natural language habits, was more appropriate and less cognitively demanding than Order Shape/Part. For the two report orders, along with reduction of reaction time, amplitude of N1 and N2 increased with practice. Amplitude of P2 decreased with practice, and no P3 habituation was found. ERP data indicated no habituation effect. Results suggested neural activity depended not only on perceptual mechanism but also on extent of learning.     

Predictors of Attributional Style Change in Children

A number of studies have supported the hypothesis that negative attributional styles may confer vulnerability to the development of depression. The goal of this study was to explore factors that may contribute to the development of negative attributional styles in children. As hypothesized, elevated levels of depressive symptoms and hopelessness at the initial assessment predicted negative changes in children's attributional styles over the 6-month follow-up period. In addition, elevated levels of verbal victimization occurring between the 2 assessments, as well as that occurring in the 6 months preceding the initial assessment, prospectively predicted negative changes in children's attributional styles over the follow-up. Further, initial depressive symptoms and verbal victimization during the follow-up continued to significantly predict attributional style change even when the overlap among the predictors was statistically controlled. Contrary to the hypotheses, however, neither parent-reported levels of overall negative life events nor parents' attributions for their children's events predicted changes in children's attributional styles.     

新课程背景下上海市中小学教师职业角色认同的研究

本研究是在了解新课程背景所倡导的教师角色的基础上,对教师职业角色认同状况的调查和分析。结果发现：教师在职业角色认同上可以分两个组：“高认同组”和“一般认同组”。在调查的十个教师职业角色中,“教师是文化的传播者”;“教师是学生学习能力的培养者”;“教师是学生人生的引路人”处于角色认同排序的前三位,“教师是专家”、“教师是教育家”、“教师是社区型的开放的教师”处于排序的后三位,其余“教师是教育教学的研究者”;“教师是学生的心理顾问”;“教师是课程的建设者和开发者”和“教师是学者”居中。教师所处的学校类型、教师性别和是否担任行政职务,在职业角色认同上有非常显著和显著的差异。小学教师的职业角色认同要高于初中教师,初中教师又高于高中教师。女教师的职业角色认同要高于男教师。学校行政领导的职业角色认同要高于普通教师。     

计算的脑科学研究及其对数学教育的启示

脑科学研究发现,简单心算主要涉及算术事实的提取,依赖于左半球的语言中枢,而复杂心算激活了左侧顶—额叶网络和双侧颞下回,与视觉空间表征和视觉表象加工有关;精算主要激活左额叶下部区域,而估算激活了两半球更大的区域。在计算过程中所激活的脑区受年龄发展与个体差异以及训练的影响。研究对有效地促进儿童计算能力的发展提供了重要启示。     

消费者抱怨行为的比较

不满意购买发生以后,消费者可能采取的抱怨方式并不相同。通过对冰箱、空调和洗衣机行业2966位消费者的问卷调查,采用单因素多变量方差分析方法对消费者抱怨行为进行比较研究,发现直接抱怨的消费者在品牌形象感知、满意度和再次购买倾向上都显著地高于负面口碑和沉默抵制的消费者。继而,运用认知心理学理论对抱怨行为方式的选择及影响进行解释,并指出企业应该鼓励消费者进行直接抱怨。     

不同深度平面与表面的视知觉完形加工

以往有关视觉完形加工的研究主要探索同一深度平面内的相似纹理表面或相关轮廓特性等对完形加工的影响。该研究采用汉字碎块,考察了双眼视差、颜色以及遮挡等线索在视觉完形中的作用。发现结果如下：视差与颜色等线索阻碍了视觉完形加工;遮挡线索加速了整体的视觉完形形成;在高级认知加工参与下,遮挡线索有效抑制了视差、颜色等线索的分离作用。通过对知觉填补机制及其理论的讨论,可以认为,该研究结果为不同深度平面间的视知觉完形加工提供了实验支持。     

论孟子哲学及其贡献

孟子认为,仁义价值等是人的本性。价值是人的标志。它具有首先性、主体性。诚是善良的人性本体的现实化。可是性善说显然无法自圆其说。这便是人性悖论。义内说表明,陈述同样具有主体性。主体对对象的把握方式是推恩。推恩是一种感应方式。被感应的对象,有时候被称为神。