Sleep disturbances are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the features of sleep disturbances are not well understood. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of SLE on specific sleep quality domains and to determine its prevalence and associations. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the sleep outcomes of individuals with SLE and healthy controls. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science CNKI, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched to find the published literatures (from these databases established to May 2017). Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the qualities of included studies were evaluated. The data was analyzed using Revman5.3 software. Score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scoring system was used as the outcome measurement, and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Five studies were included, including 350 SLE and 1396 healthy controls. A total of 5 studies including 827 patients were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In this meta-analysis, each domain of the PSQI score: subjective sleep quality (MD, .58; 95% CI, .26, .89), sleep latency(MD, .47; 95% CI, .21, .73), sleep duration (MD, .36; 95% CI, .13, .58), habitual sleep efficiency (MD, .58; 95% CI, .32, .84),sleep disorders (MD, .56; 95% CI, .34, .77), use of sleep medication (MD, .56; 95% CI, .33, .80), daytime dysfunction (MD, .57; 95% CI, .11, 1.04) and the global score (MD, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.37, 5.80) were higher in SLE women than healthy controls. Furthermore, subjective sleep quality and habitual sleep efficiency were most severely affected especially. It demonstrated that targeted interventions should be done to improve their sleep quality. Early recognition and appropriate intervention are essential to reduce the negative impact of sleep disturbances on the patient’s sleep quality and outcome of their disease. 相似文献
Based on the data from six waves of the European Social Survey collected from 18 European countries between 2002 and 2012, we aimed at explaining the variation in immigrants’ life satisfaction across countries, by focusing on host countries’ characteristics. By adopting the multi-level analysis, we examined the national-level traits from three aspects: namely, the climate of immigrant reception, the extent of public goods provision and the level of economic inequality. Our findings suggest that immigrants are likely to be more satisfied in countries that offer more welcoming social settings. However, this association is significant only when the social setting is measured by attitudes of the native-born towards immigrants, rather than by legal immigration regulations and policies. When taking into account the extent to which host country is able to provide public goods, country’s wealth levels seems not to matter for immigrants’ life satisfaction, whereas countries’ levels of human development is associated with an increase in immigrants’ life satisfaction albeit only at the 10% significance level. The role of economic inequality varies with immigrants’ own socio-economic statuses. On average, immigrants are less satisfied with their lives in host countries with higher levels of economic inequality. However, highly educated immigrants tend not to perceive economic inequality of the country as an obstacle of their satisfaction. 相似文献
Previous eye-movement studies have indicated that people tend to skip extremely high-frequency words in sentence reading, such as “the” in English and “的/de” in Chinese. Two alternative hypotheses have been proposed to explain how this frequent skipping happens in Chinese reading: one assumes that skipping happens when the preview has been fully identified at the word level (word-based skipping); the other assumes that skipping happens whenever the preview character is easy to identify regardless of whether lexical processing has been completed or not (character-based skipping). Using the gaze-contingent display change paradigm, we examined the two hypotheses by substituting the preview of the third character of a four-character Chinese word with the high-frequency Chinese character “的/de”, which should disrupt the ongoing word-level processing. The character-based skipping hypothesis predicts that this manipulation will enhance the skipping probability of the target character (i.e., the third character of the target word), because the character “的/de” has much higher character frequency than the original character. The word-based skipping hypothesis instead predicts a reduction of the skipping probability of the target character because the presence of the character “的/de” is lexically infelicitous at word level. The results supported the character-based skipping hypothesis, indicating that in Chinese reading the decision of skipping a character can be made before integrating it into a word.
Research on the antecedents and underlying mechanisms of the formation of adolescent social trust is scant. Family and school are two major environments in which adolescents become socialized. The current study examined the effect of parental rearing behaviors (rejection, emotional warmth and overprotection) on adolescent social trust, exploring the mediating role of adolescent self-esteem and the multilevel moderated role of the Level 2 variable class justice climate. The sample included 612 (12–16 years old) middle school students in China. Participants completed the s-EMBU, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Rosenberg’s Faith in People Scale and the perceptions of class justice scale, along with other control variables. The results suggested that parental rearing behaviors significantly predicted adolescent social trust, regardless of adolescent gender or age. Additional mediation analysis suggested that parental rearing behaviors had both direct effects on adolescent social trust and indirect effects through adolescent self-esteem. Further multilevel structural equation modeling indicated that class justice climate moderated the effect of parental rejection on adolescent self-esteem. The findings suggest that family and school practice jointly shape adolescents’ social trust. How parents treat their children has a huge influence on the degree to which their children trust other people. In addition, perceived class justice could buffer the harmfulness of negative parental rearing behaviors. 相似文献