文本组织和结构化水平对中文信息搜索的影响

以高结构化中文信息为实验材料,探讨文本组织和结构化水平对信息搜索的影响。以文本组织形式为自变量,以材料的结构化水平为控制变量,以搜索时间和迷路指数为因变量。结果发现：线性文本的搜索时间显著长于低层次的超文本,但迷路程度显著低于所有类型的超文本;3种超文本无显著差异;对层次型超文本来说,4层次的搜索时问显著短于11层次。综合以前研究的结果提出,信息结构化水平虽然对层次深度的效应具有调制作用,但并不是影响超文本信息搜索的最主要因素。     

运动员咀嚼口香糖行为与竞赛焦虑的关系

为考察运动员咀嚼口香糖行为与竞赛焦虑的关系,本研究采用自编《咀嚼口香糖与竞赛焦虑问卷CGSCA》与《运动竞赛焦虑测验SCAT》,调查了457名运动员。结果发现,SCAT表明,运动员在竞赛情景下普遍处于应激状态并容易体验到焦虑;CGSCA表明,竞赛咀嚼行为与竞赛焦虑存在显著正相关,竞赛焦虑高的个体拥有更多的竞赛咀嚼行为,并更多地采用咀嚼口香糖的方式来缓解竞赛焦虑。本研究表明,咀嚼口香糖可以缓解运动员的竞赛焦虑。     

The influence of evidence type and product involvement on message‐framing effects in advertising

• Extrapolating from prior research that describes the persuasive effects of gain‐ versus loss‐framed messages via the heuristic‐systematic model (HSM), the current study incorporated two advertising‐related factors – evidence type (informational vs. exemplar) and product involvement – and examined their influence on message‐framing effects in advertisements for commonplace consumer products. A significant interaction in Experiment 1 indicated that loss‐framed messages were persuasive in a higher‐involvement context only when coupled with informational evidence, which enhanced systematic processing among participants and thereby elicited the framing effect. No interaction effects occurred in the lower‐involvement context of Experiment 2, in which the hypothesized thought‐processing patterns did not evince. Consistent with recent theoretical advancements, these results indicate that message‐framing effects can be attenuated when both systematic and heuristic processing occur simultaneously. Practical implications are discussed.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

组织认同问卷（OIQ）在教师样本中的修订

在两个教师群体样本中,对Cheney编制的组织认同问卷（OIQ）进行修订。对338名中小学教师施测结果的探索性因素分析表明,教师组织认同为单因素结构模型;对256名高校教师施测结果的验证性因素分析支持了单因素模型的观点。在两个样本中,教师组织认同问卷的内部一致性系数均为0.92;教师组织认同问卷的内容效度和效标效度良好。     

汉英语言内及语言间重复启动效应的ERP研究

16名母语为汉语的被试参加了一个混合语言的语义判断任务,关键词用汉语和英语呈现,然后重复这些词（语言内或者语言间）。比较词汇第一次呈现、语言内和语言间重复产生的N400波幅的差异发现：汉语和英语的语言内重复启动效应差异不显著,而两种方向的语言间重复启动效应存在不对称性,从英语到汉语的重复启动效应显著大于从汉语到英语的重复启动效应,这与双语表征的非对称模型不尽一致。     

教师问题行为的初步探索

通过对现有中学教师问题行为概念的分析整合和访谈,初步确立了教师问题行为的基本维度,以此为基础编制问卷,并对1274名中学教师进行测查,采用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析对教师问题行为的结构进行剖析.结果表明:(1)中学教师的问题行为可以分为三个维度:认知问题、行为问题与适应问题;(2)这三个维度由10个因子组成,它们是粗暴行为、教学观、放任敷衍行为、职业道德、学生观、职业观、职业适应、情绪、人际关系和不公正感受;(3)本研究自编的教师问题行为问卷具有较好的信度、效度和可用性.     

华东地区中学生体育自主学习现状调查研究

以<中学生体育自主学习量表>为工具,对华东地区中学生体育自主学习的现状进行凋查研究,结果表明:(1)城市中学生体育学习自主性低于农村中学生.(2)男生体育学习自主性高于女生.(3)初中学生体育学习自主性高于高中学生.4)所有中学生的体育学习动机维度都不存在显著性差异.在对调查结果进行分析的基础上,提出培养中学生体育自主学习能力的建议.     

Career transitions and their causes: A country‐comparative perspective

This empirical paper investigates how individuals conceptualize causes of career transitions, focusing on the three European countries of Austria, Serbia, and Spain in comparison to the USA and China. Collectively, these countries represent four separate cultural regions according to Schwartz. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with members of three occupational groups: business people, nurses, and blue‐collar workers. Analysis of the data generates greater insight about the existence of both region‐specific patterns as well as potentially universalistic tendencies regarding perceived causes of career transitions. Perceptions of internal (to the person) drivers of career transitions as activating forces are evident in all five countries. The overall results support contemporary notions of occupational careers that are highly individualized, a characterization strongly emphasized in the current career literature. In the European culture clusters, causes of career transitions are attributed internally and externally. China, representing the Confucian cultural region, stresses external causes for career transitions. By contrast, in the USA only internal attributions of causes are reported.     

《管子·内业》篇道之形象化探析

《管子.内业》蕴涵有重要的哲学思想,在继承前人成果的基础上,丰富和发展了道的思想和内涵,体现为使道的思想具有形象化的特征。具体为：首先,道之气化：生生不息、大化流行。其次,道之体悟：存于心、践于行。最后,道之秩序：和谐生福。