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91.
92.
This study focused on the extent to which self-perceptions of power and worth differed across members of three-generational families as they compared themselves with other family members. It was hypothesized that self evaluations of worth would show more stability than self evaluations of power in such comparisons. There was support for this hypothesis. Differences regarding self evaluations of power according to gender and generation were also examined. The rank order, from lowest to highest, of perceived comparative power was: female adolescent grandchildren, grandmothers, mothers, male adolescent grandchildren, grandfathers, and fathers. Implications of findings for family therapists are described. 相似文献
93.
This study constructed a multifactorial model predicting depression and anxiety symptoms among emerging adults, incorporating
broad constructs representing adult attachment style, perceived trauma, self-esteem, and irrational beliefs. In the final
structural equation model, attachment avoidance and perceived trauma demonstrated direct and indirect effects, whereas attachment
anxiety predicted depression only indirectly through low self-esteem or irrational beliefs, and chronic anxiety. Chronic anxiety
played a crucial role in linking low self-esteem and irrational beliefs to depression. The theoretical and clinical implications
of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
94.
Does the truth interfere with our ability to respond deceptively? We considered this question in the present study by examining the effects of a task set (i.e., selecting truthful or untruthful responses), both by comparing two presentations of the same task and through transfer to a different task. All participants carried out the task either under the instructions to respond both correctly and incorrectly (Experiment 1) or under the instructions to respond truthfully and deceptively (Experiment 2); the order of instructions was counterbalanced. In Experiment 2, after completing the main task, the participants also performed a Stroop task. The findings suggested that deceptive responses took longer overall, regardless of the order of instructions. Moreover, the experience of responding deceptively versus truthfully led to faster responding on a subsequent Stroop test. Although there may well be processes unique to deceptive responding, the evidence suggests that overcoming interference is a process shared by deceptive and nondeceptive tasks. orrespondence 相似文献
95.
John Schopler Chester A. Insko David Currey Shannon Smith Donna Brazil Toija Riggins Lowell Gaertner Shelley Kilpatrick 《Motivation and emotion》1994,18(4):301-315
Interindividual-intergroup discontinuity is the tendency, in mixed-motive situations, for groups to interact more competitively,
or less cooperatively, than individuals, even though mutual competition yields worse results that mutual cooperation. The
present laboratory experiment attempted to assess whether the discontinuity effect could be reduced by the establishment of
an intergroup cooperative tradition. Cooperation between intact pairs of groups was induced by placing in each group confederates
who successfully convinced their fellow group members of the long-term advantage of trust and cooperation. On subsequent blocks
of trails, the confederate was replaced by an actual subject, and then each of the original subjects was replaced so as to
simulate generational turnover. By the time all initial members were replaced, their level of cooperation had eroded to the
level of groups never experiencing mutual cooperation. The results are discussed in the context of other means of reducing
discontinuity.
This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants (BNS-9007414 and SBR-9408760) to John Schopler and Chester
A. Insko. 相似文献
96.
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98.
A computerized attempt to replicate Aronson and Carlsmith's test of expectancy theory was conducted. Generally, subjects performed consistent with their expectancy, although the effect of expectancy was strongly attentuated by an overall achievement orientation. The results contradict the hypotheses that experimenter bias, demand characteristics, or differential recall of performance mediate the effects of expectancy upon performance. 相似文献
99.
Shelley Juran 《Sex roles》1979,5(3):287-297
Prior studies suggest that sex-role stereotypes influence responses to Horner's fear-of-success cue. This study investigates stereotypes about both sex roles and achievement settings. One hundred sixty college males and females wrote stories to different cues, then rated the masculinity-femininity of their characters. Both John and Anne were rated more masculine as medical students than in a neutral setting. Anne was rated more feminine than John in the neutral setting but equally masculine as a medical student. However, Anne's success was not regarded as maladaptive, but competent. Clearly Horner's cue reflects stereotypes; a more ambiguous cue might assess motives more effectively.Portions of this article were presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in Washington, D.C., 1976. Special thanks to Professor Charles P. Smith for his advice and encouragement throughout this research. 相似文献
100.