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91.
Wenchao Ma Jimmy de la Torre 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2020,73(1):142-163
As a core component of most cognitive diagnosis models, the Q-matrix, or item and attribute association matrix, is typically developed by domain experts, and tends to be subjective. It is critical to validate the Q-matrix empirically because a misspecified Q-matrix could result in erroneous attribute estimation. Most existing Q-matrix validation procedures are developed for dichotomous responses. However, in this paper, we propose a method to empirically detect and correct the misspecifications in the Q-matrix for graded response data based on the sequential generalized deterministic inputs, noisy ‘and’ gate (G-DINA) model. The proposed Q-matrix validation procedure is implemented in a stepwise manner based on the Wald test and an effect size measure. The feasibility of the proposed method is examined using simulation studies. Also, a set of data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011 mathematics assessment is analysed for illustration. 相似文献
92.
Natascha de Hoog Peter Verboon 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2020,111(2):157-173
There is evidence that exposure to negative news is making people feel bad, but not much is known about why this only affects some people or whether this also applies to everyday news exposure. This study examined the direct and indirect effects of daily news exposure on people's affective states. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), 63 respondents (24 men and 39 women) reported their news exposure and affective states five times a day for 10 days. In addition, personal relevance of the news and personality characteristics, neuroticism and extraversion, were assessed. Results showed that negative news perceptions were related to more negative affect and less positive affect, and these effects were moderated by personal relevance, but not personality characteristics. The implications of these outcomes are discussed. 相似文献
93.
Sara Terán Sedano Paula Laita de Roda Paloma Ortiz Soto 《Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy》2020,19(1):98-106
ABSTRACTThe term “grandparenthood” was first coined by the psychoanalyst P. Redler, to denominate the intrapsychic and interpersonal relationship between grandparents and grandchildren. Grandparenthood involves a specific relationship with specific conflict areas and with its own process of development, named by this author “grandparenthood crisis”. In this phase, grandparents must cope with different experiences of mourning. The joys of becoming a grandparent help compensate for these sorrows. For children, the figure of grandparents evolves during their development and implies different functions across each development stage.Despite the importance of grandparenthood in the family context, this is a poorly studied topic in Child Psychology. In this paper, we make a review of the scarce literature on this subject, aiming to relate it with the theory of the “Narcissistic scenarios of parenthood” described by Manzano and Palacio (2005). We emphasize the importance not only of the figure of the grandparents in the child’s development, but also the importance of the relation with the grandchild holds for the grandparent in this life stage. We also try to explore the subject of intergenerational transmission. 相似文献
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Silvia H. Koller Marcela Raffaelli Normanda Araujo de Morais 《Child Development Perspectives》2020,14(3):157-163
Urie Bronfenbrenner’s groundbreaking work on development in context has made an enduring impact on the field of developmental science. However, translating his theoretical concepts in empirical studies has proved challenging. In this article, we describe a methodological approach—ecological engagement methodology (EEM)—that was designed to operationalize key elements of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory in studies of development in context. In particular, we describe the development of EEM, illustrate the approach using examples from qualitative and quantitative studies of vulnerable youth, provide a brief guide to implementing EEM, and discuss its major strengths and challenges. We conclude that EEM offers a flexible and powerful way to apply Bronfenbrenner’s theoretical propositions in studies of development in context, yielding data that are of high quality; ecologically valid; and relevant to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. 相似文献
96.
Elisabeth Conradt Sierra E. Carter Sheila E. Crowell 《Child Development Perspectives》2020,14(4):208-214
Significant racial health disparities in infant mortality, preterm birth, and infant neurodevelopment exist in the United States. These disparities highlight a critical public health problem: Children of color are at a developmental disadvantage before birth. In this article, we describe how pregnant women from marginalized communities are disproportionately more likely to experience chronic stress in the form of discrimination, historical trauma, and acculturation. We integrate these understudied forms of chronic stress into allostatic load and prenatal programming models to describe how they can affect the health of two generations: the pregnant woman and her child. We describe psychophysiological ramifications of this early-life stress in infants of color. The prenatal programming field has largely ignored the experiences of women of color, and we highlight the need for researchers to include, or focus exclusively on, diverse samples in their research to reduce disparities that are evident at birth. 相似文献
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99.
Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
100.
We introduce non-associative linear logic, which may be seen as the classical version of the non-associative Lambek calculus. We define its sequent calculus, its theory of proof-nets, for which we give a correctness criterion and a sequentialization theorem, and we show proof search in it is polynomial. 相似文献