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241.
Barutchu A Crewther SG Fifer J Shivdasani MN Innes-Brown H Toohey S Danaher J Paolini AG 《Developmental psychology》2011,47(3):877-885
It is well accepted that multisensory integration has a facilitative effect on perceptual and motor processes, evolutionarily enhancing the chance of survival of many species, including humans. Yet, there is limited understanding of the relationship between multisensory processes, environmental noise, and children's cognitive abilities. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between multisensory integration, auditory background noise, and the general intellectual abilities of school-age children (N = 88, mean age = 9 years, 7 months) using a simple audiovisual detection paradigm. We provide evidence that children with enhanced multisensory integration in quiet and noisy conditions are likely to score above average on the Full-Scale IQ of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV). Conversely, approximately 45% of tested children, with relatively low verbal and nonverbal intellectual abilities, showed reduced multisensory integration in either quiet or noise. Interestingly, approximately 20% of children showed improved multisensory integration abilities in the presence of auditory background noise. The findings of the present study suggest that stable and consistent multisensory integration in quiet and noisy environments is associated with the development of optimal general intellectual abilities. Further theoretical implications are discussed. 相似文献
242.
Anna?L.?BarnettEmail author Sheila?E.?Henderson Beverly?Scheib Joerg?Schulz 《Journal of Adult Development》2011,18(3):114-121
Handwriting difficulties are common in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and frequently continue into
adulthood. In spite of increased computer use, handwriting remains an essential everyday life skill. The Detailed Assessment
of Speed of Handwriting (DASH) provides an objective measure of handwriting performance for students aged 9–16 years. No equivalent
test for adults exists. The aim of this study is to explore developmental trends beyond the age of 16 on the five tasks included
in the DASH and to describe the employment of these data in an extension of the test for 17-to 25-year-olds (DASH 17+). A
case study is included to illustrate its use in the assessment of young adults with DCD. Three hundred and ninety-three students
between the ages of 17 and 25 completed the test. The sample was selected to represent the population of UK students in post-16
education. Statistically significant, but overall modest developmental trends in handwriting performance were found for all
tasks. Depending on the task, the year-on-year average increase in performance followed a linear or non-linear trend. Gender
effects were generally small. DASH 17+ will provide useful information on any individual whose handwriting is causing concern,
including those with, or suspected of having DCD. 相似文献
243.
Christopher Jay Roussin Sheila Simsarian Webber 《Journal of business and psychology》2012,27(3):317-329
Purpose
Initial trustworthiness perceptions serve as anchored reference points for subsequent trust perceptions and associated behavioral choices in organizations. Examining the relationship between the employee and the organization is an underexplored influence on such perceptions. This study is an investigation of how perceived psychological safety (PS) in the work environment and level of organizational identification (OI) influence initial perceptions of others?? trustworthiness.Design/Methodology/Approach
Data were obtained through survey and scenario methods from a sample of high-potential managers (n?=?155) during participation in a leadership development training course.Findings
Results demonstrate that both disposition to trust and PS have positive relationships with initial perceptions of others?? trustworthiness. There is also a significant negative moderating effect of OI on the relationship between psychology safety and perceived trustworthiness. PS has a strong positive significant relationship with initial perceptions of others?? trustworthiness when OI is low. This relationship is non-significant when OI is high.Implications
This study provides evidence that the relationship between the employee and the organization can influence individual perceptions of initial trustworthiness in others.Originality/Value
Aspects of the relationship between the trustor and the organization have not previously been considered as influences on initial trustworthiness perceptions. PS, often investigated as a direct influence on learning and performance, has not been previously examined as a socialized influence on trustworthiness perceptions. 相似文献244.
Sheila Simsarian Webber Stephanie C. Payne Aaron B. Taylor 《Journal of business and psychology》2012,27(2):193-203
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which cognitive and affective trust mediate the service provider personality?Cservice quality relationship, controlling for customer personality.Design/Methodology/Approach
Hypotheses were tested using a matched sample of 249 customer-service provider dyads.Results
Service provider service orientation incrementally predicted customer cognitive trust in the service provider above and beyond customer agreeableness, which related significantly to affective and cognitive trust. Analyses further revealed that cognitive trust mediated the service provider service orientation?Cservice quality relationship.Implications
Hiring service-oriented front-line employees may facilitate customer cognitive trust which in turn relates to service quality. In addition, training front-line employees to identify agreeable customers may facilitate the quick development of trusting relationships.Originality/Value
This is the first study to simultaneously examine the impact of both the customer and the service provider personalities on customer trust and service quality in long-term relationships. Results demonstrated the role of cognitive trust as a mediator of the relationship between service orientation and service quality. 相似文献245.
Although previous research has highlighted the importance of the quality of nonresident father-child relationships for children's well-being, little is known about children's perspectives on what underpins feelings of closeness to their nonresident fathers. This qualitative study explored the processes that facilitate or constrain children's feelings of closeness to their nonresident fathers. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 27 children (ages 8 to 17) who had grown up in a single-mother household, where fathers were nonresident from early in the child's life. Findings revealed the fragility of children's ties with their nonresident fathers and the risk that nonresidence from the outset placed upon these relationships. Children's experiences of closeness to fathers were related to perceptions of their fathers' commitment to their relationship and his obligation to his parenting role, and to a sense of connection to and familiarity with their fathers. It was a challenge for children to feel connected to their fathers when contact arrangements were detached from caregiving activities and precluded immersion in each other's daily lives. Lack of effort on the part of fathers to maintain contact or failure to keep arrangements constrained children's feelings of closeness and gave rise to feelings of disappointment and anger. Children demonstrated their capacity to act as agents within their families as they made sense of these relationships for themselves and accepted or rejected their father as a person who could play a meaningful role in their lives. The implications of the findings for promoting positive relationships with nonresident fathers are discussed. 相似文献
246.
Presents an obituary for Jeri Altneu Sechzer. Jeri studied at the University of Pennsylvania, where her mentor was the renowned physiological psychologist Elliot Stellar. She received her doctorate in 1962 with a specialty in physiological psychology. That same year she was elected to Sigma Xi, the scientific research society, and received the Creative Talent Award from the American Institute of Research for her doctoral dissertation. She completed a U.S. Public Health Service Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, after which she accepted a position at Baylor University College, followed by a position at the New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center. She completed her career as a visiting professor in the Psychology Department at Pace University. Jeri's husband of 56 years, Philip, died in 2004. As a result of her experience looking after him during the long illness that preceded his death, she became interested in the psychological impact of the stresses that caregivers face. She was planning to organize a conference on this subject when she suffered her final illness, leading to her death on October 29, 2011, just before her 85th birthday. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
247.
Elizabeth Thomason Brenda L. Volling Heather A. Flynn Susan C. McDonough Sheila M. Marcus Juan F. Lopez Delia M. Vazquez 《Infant behavior & development》2014
Despite the consistent link between parenting stress and postpartum depressive symptoms, few studies have explored the relationships longitudinally. The purpose of this study was to test bidirectional and unidirectional models of depressive symptoms and parenting stress. Uniquely, three specific domains of parenting stress were examined: parental distress, difficult child stress, and parent–child dysfunctional interaction (PCDI). One hundred and five women completed the Beck Depression Inventory and the Parenting Stress Index – Short Form at 3, 7, and 14 months after giving birth. Structural equation modeling revealed that total parenting stress predicted later depressive symptoms, however, there were different patterns between postpartum depressive symptoms and different types of parenting stress. A unidirectional model of parental distress predicting depressive symptoms best fit the data, with significant stability paths but non-significant cross-lagged paths. A unidirectional model of depressive symptoms predicted significant later difficult child stress. No model fit well with PCDI. Future research should continue to explore the specific nature of the associations of postpartum depression and different types of parenting stress on infant development and the infant–mother relationship. 相似文献
248.
249.
Abstract This paper integrates clinical data gathered through psychotherapy with dual-career couples and research findings from social psychology and sociology. The paper's main focus is the clinical understanding and therapeutic interventions most appropriate for these couples' marital and individual difficulties. The paper briefly describes characteristics of the dual-career lifestyle and personalities. The analysis provides case examples illustrating external and internal sources of stress generated by a lack of time or the need for an effective system for handling housework and childcare. 相似文献
250.
Sheila M. Addison Jonathan G. Sandberg Joy Corby Mihaela Robila Jason J. Platt 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(4):339-371
Traditionally, "good outcome research" has referred to laboratory-based, controlled studies that report the efficacy of a given treatment on a specific population. Although useful and needed in the struggle to establish MFTs as accepted mental health service providers, this type of research does not address whether MFT is effective in "real world" settings. In order to highlight the clinical and professional relevance of existing effectiveness research, this article reviews 15 years of clinical research in three major family therapy journals. The results suggest that 1) MFT effectiveness is under-represented in major review articles, 2) clinicians can use a variety of methodologies to establish the effectiveness of their work, and 3) more research is needed that investigates how and why MFT works in "real world" settings. Implications for practice and future research are discussed. 相似文献