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171.
Vincenzi (Journal of School Psychology, 25, 155–160, 1987) reported an association between childhood depression and reading ability. An examination of the methodology of this report does not support such a conclusion. We extend this examination to the general literature on depression and cognitive impairment and argue that a clear association has yet to be demonstrated. 相似文献
172.
A retrospective study of patients (n = 166) on a wheat free diet showed improvements in patients diagnosed as wheat sensitive over patients not so diagnosed (p = 0.05). Clinical history indicated marked differences between these groups in perceptions of health. Individual follow up studies indicated that a Semantic Differential grid, derived from a patient group (n = 20) through semantic and repertory techniques, was a good indicator of these clinical perceptions. The results of one patient in this group are presented and show the typical results obtained by principal component analysis of the semantic grid administered over two visits to the hospital. Patient perception of well being shown by the grid analysis was confirmed by clinical history. The implications of this semantic approach for patient self reporting and clinical counselling are discussed. Larger scale studies are currently being planned on wheat sensitivity and associated psychological effects, using a variety of psychological measures, in a large range of patient groups (including Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Multiple Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis). 相似文献
173.
Using a stratified random sample of the three membership categories of the American Association of Pastoral Counselors, this study investigated the experience of stress, related to the pastoral counseling profession, among 143 pastoral counselors and 95 of their spouses. In addition, the study examined how pastoral counselors were coping with stress by evaluating self-reported functional and dysfunctional behaviors. The data indicated that pastoral counselors and their spouses did not report high levels of stress related to the pastoral counseling profession. However, significant differences were found by work setting and age for pastoral counselors regarding the level of stress experienced. The data also indicated that pastoral counselors reported using more functional stress reduction behaviors than dysfunctional stress reduction behaviors. 相似文献
174.
Binary interaction data, measuring the presence or absence of a relation between pairs of actors in a “dyadic interaction situation,” are commonly gathered to study the social structure of the group of actors. Recent developments have made the statistical analysis of such data statistically easier and more substantively sophisticated. These developments allow researchers to simultaneously study several sociometric structural properties, such as reciprocity, differential popularity, and equivalence of actors. Building on this research, we review the stochastic models responsible for this breakthrough, and discuss methods for estimating expected values and model parameters. Throughout, we also highlight recent advances designed to incorporate nodal or actor attribute data into the relational data analysis. We conclude with an example illustrating these ideas based on conversational activities among actors in a group of eight people. 相似文献
175.
Frequencies of attractiveness-based messages were examined on 4,294 network television commercials. As expected, attractiveness statements appeared to be associated more with food and drink and personal care ads, and with female performers and with male voice-overs. Implications of an association of women and attractiveness on television are explored.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta, March 1983. 相似文献
176.
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178.
Sheila Trahar 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2002,2(3):195-200
The aim of this paper is to invite readers to share the uncertain beginnings of my PhD in which I am seeking to hold reflexive conversations about learning with a group of international postgraduates studying in the UK. As a higher education lecturer in counselling I want to be able to understand the learning stories of such students, how their stories are affected by the learning experiences they encounter in the UK and how my own story is changing as a result of my involvement with them. My struggle to develop an appropriate conceptual framework within which to conduct cross‐cultural research will be described, paying particular attention to the reflexivity of the research activity and how it relates to the counselling process. 相似文献
179.
Douglas Martin Sheila J. Cunningham Jacqui Hutchison Gillian Slessor Kenny Smith 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2017,11(9)
The current article examines how societal stereotypes might form and evolve through a process of cumulative cultural evolution as social information is repeatedly passed from person to person. Social psychology research has done much to inform our understanding about the substantial influence stereotypes exert on us as individuals and on our society, yet comparatively little is known about how society's pools of stereotype knowledge form and how they evolve. Here, we review evidence that as social information is repeatedly passed from person to person, there is a continuous cycle of stereotype formation and evolution that is driven by constraints and biases in (a) observations of the social environment, (b) cognitive representations of the social environment, and (c) social transmissions of cognitive representations of the social environment. We suggest the reason stereotypes exist and persist is because they are perfectly adapted for human cognition and the reason they are perfectly adapted for human cognition is because they are the cumulative product of human cognition. 相似文献
180.
Theoretical and empirical research has linked poor emotion regulation abilities with dysfunctional frontolimbic circuitry.
Consistent with this, research on borderline personality disorder (BPD) finds that frontolimbic dysfunction is a predominant
neural substrate underlying the disorder. Emotion regulation is profoundly compromised in BPD. However, BPD is also associated
with broad impairment across multiple domains, including impulse control, interpersonal relationships, and cognitive functioning.
To date, BPD research has focused largely on single areas of dysfunction, failing to account for overlap at either the biological
or behavioral levels of analysis. We examine the literature on frontolimbic dysfunction in BPD within the context of Coan’s
social baseline theory. Social baseline theory proposes that healthy human functioning is dependent upon adequate social support
and that, at baseline, biological systems are adapted to operate interdependently rather than independently. The social baseline
perspective is particularly useful for understanding borderline personality development because the impulsive and emotionally
dysregulated behaviors common among those with BPD occur almost invariably within an interpersonal context. We discuss clinical
and research implications of this work. 相似文献