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491.
Bussing R Fernandez M Harwood M Wei Hou Garvan CW Eyberg SM Swanson JM 《Assessment》2008,15(3):317-328
To examine Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV (SNAP-IV) psychometric properties, parent (N = 1,613) and teacher (N = 1,205) data were collected from a random elementary school student sample in a longitudinal attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) detection study. SNAP-IV reliability was acceptable. Factor structure indicated two ADHD factors and an oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) factor. Parent and teacher scores varied by gender and poverty status (d = .49-.56) but not age; only teacher scores varied by race (d = .25-.55). Screening and diagnostic utility was evaluated with likelihood ratios (LRs) and posttest probabilities. Parent SNAP-IV scores above 1.2 increased probability of concern (LR > 10) and above 1.8, of ADHD diagnosis (LR > 3). Teacher hyperactivity/impulsivity scores above 1.2 and inattention scores above 1.8 increased probabilities of concern only (LR = 4.2 and >5, respectively). Higher teacher scores for African American children and race differences in measurement models require future study. 相似文献
492.
The Implementation of Modified Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Youth with Separation Anxiety Disorder 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Donna B. Pincus Ph.D. Lauren C. Santucci Jill T. Ehrenreich Sheila M. Eyberg 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2008,15(2):118-125
Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is the most prevalent anxiety disorder experienced by children, and yet empirical treatment studies of SAD in young children are virtually nonexistent. This paper will describe the development and implementation of an innovative treatment for SAD in young children. First, we will highlight the rationale for developing interventions specifically for SAD in young children. Second, we will describe an existing empirically supported treatment, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT; Brinkmeyer, M. Y., & Eyberg, S.M., (2003)), that may have particular applicability to very young children with SAD and their parents. We present how results from 10 pilot participants were utilized to modify PCIT to better address the needs of children with SAD and their families. The benefits and challenges of implementing this modified version of PCIT are reviewed, along with potential directions for future research in this area. 相似文献
493.
Predictors of attrition from individual parent–child interaction therapy were examined for 99 families of preschoolers with
disruptive behavior disorders. Seventy-one percent of treatment dropouts were identified by lower SES, more maternal negative
talk, and less maternal total praise at pretreatment. Following PCIT, families were randomly assigned to an Assessment-Only
or Maintenance Treatment condition. Higher maternal distress predicted 63% of dropouts in the Assessment-Only condition. Lower
maternal intellectual functioning predicted 83% of dropouts from Maintenance Treatment. Findings highlight a continuing need
for evidence-based retention strategies at various phases of engagement in PCIT.
This study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (RO1 MH60632). We thank the members of the UF Child Study
Laboratory for their contributions to this study. 相似文献
494.
Rodger Kessler Dale Stafford Randall Messier 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(1):4-12
Psychology and other behavioral health professions have amassed a broad empirical and clinical literature suggesting many
medical presentations are best responded to with the addition of evidence based behavioral interventions. Despite this, psychology
has not achieved a regular presence as part of medical practice. We suggest specific reasons for the current state of affairs
including clinical, operational, societal labels, financial and training dimensions. Medical, psychological, administrative,
and financial perspectives are reviewed. If the goals of health care system reform are to be reached then we must identify
and challenge the current limitations of health care. This paper will identify the elements that need to be changed in order
for psychology to be integrated into medicine rather than excluded from its policy, planning and operations. 相似文献
495.
496.
Experiment 1 compared the cognitive processes involved in blame and forgiveness judgments under identical experimental conditions. Experiment 2 was a replication of Experiment 1 with 4 judgment scales: willingness to prosecute, willingness to avenge, resentment level, and willingness to make up. Participants were presented with 32 scenarios in which a doctor made a medical error. These situations contained 5 items: the degree of proximity with the doctor (e.g., a family doctor known since childhood), the degree of negligence, the severity of consequences, apologies or contrition, and cancellation of consequences. Functional cognitive analysis grouped judgments into 2 categories: blame-like judgments (blame, prosecution, and revenge) and forgiveness-like judgments (resentment, forgiveness, and reconciliation). Blame-like judgments were characterized by additive integration rules, with negligence followed by apologies as the 2 main cues. Forgiveness-like judgments were characterized by an interactive integration rule, with apologies followed by negligence as the 2 main cues. 相似文献
497.
Letter names play an important role in early literacy. Previous studies of letter name learning have examined the Latin alphabet. The current study tested learners of Hebrew, comparing their patterns of performance and types of errors with those of English learners. We analyzed letter-naming data from 645 Israeli children who had not begun formal reading instruction: a younger group (mean age 5 years 2 months) and an older group (mean age 6 years 2 months). Children's errors often involved letters with similar shapes or letters adjacent to one another in the alphabet. Most Hebrew letter names are not very similar to one another phonologically, and there were fewer phonologically based confusions than in English. We found both general frequency effects and frequency effects that reflected the letters in individual children's names. On average, girls knew more letter names than did boys. The results suggest that letter name learning follows similar principles across languages. 相似文献
498.
The present study investigated the articulatory implementation deficits of Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics and their potential neuroanatomical correlates. Five Broca's aphasics, two Wernicke's aphasics, and four age-matched normal speakers produced consonant-vowel-(consonant) real word tokens consisting of [m, n] followed by [i, e, a, o, u]. Three acoustic measures were analyzed corresponding to different properties of articulatory implementation: murmur duration (a measure of timing), amplitude of the first harmonic at consonantal release (a measure of articulatory coordination), and murmur amplitude over time (a measure of laryngeal control). Results showed that Broca's aphasics displayed impairments in all of these parameters, whereas Wernicke's aphasics only exhibited greater variability in the production of two of the parameters. The lesion extent data showed that damage in either Broca's area or the insula cortex was not predictive of the severity of the speech output impairment. Instead, lesions in the upper and lower motor face areas and the supplementary motor area resulted in the most severe implementation impairments. For the Wernicke's aphasics, the posterior areas (superior marginal gyrus, parietal, and sensory) appear to be involved in the retrieval and encoding of lexical forms for speech production, resulting in increased variability in speech production. 相似文献
499.
500.
Richard A. Winett Eileen S. Anderson Jessica A. Whiteley Janet R. Wojcik Liza S. Rovniak Kristi D. Graves Daniel I. Galper Sheila G. Winett 《Applied and Preventive Psychology》1999,8(2):129
Epidemiological analyses conclude that the major contributors to all-cause premature mortality and morbidity are smoking, alcohol abuse, inappropriate diet, and a sedentary lifestyle. Efforts to modify these health behaviors in populations with community and worksite interventions, although initially promising, have had difficulty in sustaining health-behavior changes. More intensive, theoretically based interventions targeted to at-risk groups and delivered in smaller social units, such as churches and other religious organizations, have been recommended. An intervention based on social cognitive theory that entails integrating self-regulatory procedures with social and environmental supports in rural churches serving people from lower socioeconomic groups is described in detail. 相似文献