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Lucy Bostock Alia I. Sheikh Stephen Barton 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(4):281-296
Posttraumatic growth (PTG) research is an emerging area of empirical study, especially within the field of clinical health
psychology. Much of the research in this area has thus far focused on determining the correlates and predictors of PTG. This
systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between posttraumatic growth and dispositional optimism, specifically
in relation to health traumas. Empirical studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed according to specific evaluation
criteria. Results regarding the relationship between dispositional optimism and posttraumatic growth were found to be equivocal.
A number of conceptual and methodological issues were identified and discussed in relation to the field of PTG research. Future
directions for research are provided. 相似文献
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The paper presents arguments in favor of the use of mental imagery for therapeutic purposes. Several existing imagery approaches to psychotherapy are critically examined and suggestions for future inquiry are offered. The intimate relation between imagery and the affective-somatic processes is stressed. 相似文献
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Faraz Sheikh 《The Journal of religious ethics》2019,47(1):125-152
How did premodern Muslim thinkers talk about living authentically as a Muslim in the world? How, in their view, could selves transform themselves into ideal religious subjects or slaves of God? Which virtues, technologies of the self and intersubjective relations did they see implicated in inhabiting or attaining what I shall call ?abdī subjectivity? In this paper, I make explicit how various discursive, ethical strategies formed, informed, and transformed Muslim subjectivity in early Muslim thought by focusing on the writings of an important ninth century Muslim moral pedagogue, al‐Mu?āsibī (d. 857). This study illustrates the advantages of approaching early Muslim texts and discourses through the tools and methods made available by comparative religious ethics in order to reexamine our understanding of Muslim subject formation and the role of ethical and theological discourses in the same. 相似文献
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This note points out that using the finger as a test probe in a Fitts task may lead to misleading results, because of the increased target tolerance resulting from the width of the finger pad. An experiment demonstrates the need to use a corrected target width when calculating the index of difficulty; without this correction, information processing rates are overestimated. An example is given of a developmental study in which the finger pad size changes with age. The resulting changes in the calculated rates of information processing are shown to be markedly different for the different age groups. 相似文献
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Five experiments are reported related to control of arm movement in the sagittal and transverse planes when making paced and unpaced movements. A single group of 12 participants and the same equipment were used in the main experiments to allow comparisons across conditions. As well as the 2 different directions of movement, there were movements that were time-constrained (as in the W. D. A. Beggs &; C. I. Howarth, 1971, 1972a,b paradigm) and movements that were constrained by the ending tolerance (as in Fitts' paradigm). Results showed that, for movement times as high as 900 ms, the Schmidt and Beggs and Howarth models appeared to describe the time for movements that had time constraint. Fitts' law (P. M. Fitts, 1954; P. M. Fitts &; J. R. Peterson, 1964) applied to movements that were constrained by final accuracy. These results were independent of whether the target was in the aiming or stopping movement direction. A new interpretation of data for movements with time constraint is presented, based on the possible number of accuracy submovements available when near the target. This model suggests that the standard deviation of hits at the target is not dependent on the time spent in reaching the target region, but largely on the time remaining in order to produce final accuracy at the target. 相似文献
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Sadaf Sheikh 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2008,6(4):283-287
This article featuring Pakistan constitutes one of five articles in a collection of essays on local capacity-building in research ethics by graduates from the University of Toronto’s Joint Centre for Bioethics MHSc in Bioethics, International Stream programme funded by the Fogarty International Center for Advanced Study in the Health Sciences (FIC). Research ethics in Pakistan is an emerging field seeking to articulate best ethical standards for research practices. It is best understood as the initiation of a dialogue. Still, there are weak mechanisms for research ethics and there is an absence of mechanisms for monitoring ongoing research, particularly for assessing compliance with the recommendations of ethics review committees. Further, there are few qualified individuals in research ethics in both the private and public sectors. There are multiple challenges associated with research ethics, many of them stemming from issues around development and democratization, which cannot be addressed by guidelines and regulatory processes alone. 相似文献
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Ronnie Janoff-Bulman Sana Sheikh Kate G. Baldacci 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2008,44(4):1091-1099
Recent critiques of moral psychology and the contemporary culture wars highlight the need for a better understanding of diverse moral perspectives. A model of moral motives is proposed. The fundamental approach–avoidance distinction in motivation is crossed with self-other focus to create four moral motives: Self-Restraint (avoidance-self), Social Order (avoidance-other), Self-Reliance (approach-self), and Social Justice (approach-other). Three studies explored these motives in the context of political orientation. Overall, political conservatism was associated with avoidance motives and liberalism with approach motives. Approach–avoidance motives were also associated with distinct patterns of results regarding authoritarianism, social dominance, and positions on contemporary social issues. Responses of campus political groups demonstrated the utility of the moral motives in providing a more nuanced view of politics that also takes into account the model’s second dimension, for an emphasis on Self focus (personality responsibility) versus Other focus (social responsibility) further distinguished between conservative groups. Moral and political implications are discussed. 相似文献
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Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and can affect individuals of all ages, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. This article reviews the research on psychosocial interventions in cardiac rehabilitation programs and discusses the evolving set of best practices for counselors working in a new setting with people who have experienced the trauma of cardiac disease. Recommendations for best practices for counselors who work in this emerging area are provided, including recommendations for facilitating posttraumatic growth. 相似文献
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U. Raja R.A. Sheikh M. Abbas D. Bouckenooghe 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(2):79-88