Binocular detection of positive and negative flashes

Binocular forced-choice detection rates were measured under conditions where both eyes received positive flashes, both eyes received negative flashes, and one eye received a positive flash while the other received a negative flash. When both eyes received the same kind of flash, both positive or both negative, detection rates were,greater than probability summation. When one eye received a positive flash while the other received a negative flash, detection rates were near a level expected on the basis of probability summation. It is concluded that, at the level of forced-choice detection. positive and negative flashes are detected as though they were separate, independent events.     

Free association,free recall,and stimulated recall compared

Three primary methods of recall (free association, free recall, stimulated recall) and two modifications of them (modified free association, modified stimulated recall) were defined by use of three variables: (a) presence or absence of prior laboratory training, (b) presence or absence of E controlled test stimulation, and (c) test instructions to free associate or to recall Data obtained from approximately 300 Ss and an earlier set of 600 revealed the differential effectiveness of all three primary methods in recall and misrecall.     

Two-Track Differentiation Paradigm in Psychotherapy

This paper describes the Two-Track Differentiation Paradigm, an updated therapeutic methodology within psychotherapy. The Two-Track Differentiation Paradigm is based on the assumption that patients habitually regard their problems as one-dimensional and thus tend to become rigid in their attitudes toward these problems. The paradigm suggests a psychotherapeutic process of enriched reframing called Differentiation. This Differentiation between patients’ negative and positive narratives and perceptions offers them more options and frees them to contend with their problems more effectively. Thus, with the Two-Track Differentiation Paradigm, cases of impasse and stuck psychotherapeutic situations are turned into cases of cooperation.     

Imposed vibration influences perceived tactile smoothness

According to the duplex theory of tactile texture perception, detection of cutaneous vibrations produced when the exploring finger moves across a surface contributes importantly to the perception of fine textures. If this is true, a vibrating surface should feel different from a stationary one. To test this prediction, experiments were conducted in which subjects examined two identical surfaces, one of which was surreptitiously made to vibrate, and judged which of the two was smoother. In experiment 1, the vibrating surface was less and less often judged smoother as the amplitude of (150 Hz) vibration increased. The effect was comparable in subjects who realized the surface was vibrating and those who did not. Experiment 2 showed that different frequencies (150-400 Hz) were equally effective in eliciting the effect when equated in sensation level (dB SL). The results suggest that vibrotaction contributes to texture perception, and that, at least within the Pacinian channel, it does so by means of an intensity code.