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31.
Research on applied behavior analysis and sports performance has become an increasingly popular subject. It involves using behavioral measures to assess the utility of numerous interventions to enhance athletic performance. We identified 101 studies published since the late 1960s focusing on behavioral interventions to enhance sports performance. To determine the breadth of the current research, we identified each sport and the different interventions used to improve performance. Of the studies included in this review, research has investigated 23 interventions with 21 sports. The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature regarding what procedures have been evaluated, the results of this research, some of the limitations, and future directions of behavioral research on sports performance enhancement. In doing so, this review will allow readers to easily browse the current literature by the sport or intervention of interest. 相似文献
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A randomly selected group of 720 adolescents responded to the Mooney Problem Check List. The relationship between the problems reported for each of the 11 problem areas of the MPCL (dependent variables) and the 14 independent variables was analyzed statistically by employing the least-squares analysis of variance technique. This analysis yielded significant differences for 7 of the 14 independent variables. Possible implications of the findings of this study for educational planning are discussed, and recommendations made for a more comprehensive study of the problems of adolescents at the local level. 相似文献
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Melissa McBay Merritt 《European Journal of Philosophy》2011,19(1):59-84
Abstract: My aim is to reconstruct Kant's argument for the principle of the synthetic unity of apperception. I reconstruct Kant's argument in stages, first showing why thinking should be conceived as an activity of synthesis (as opposed to attention), and then showing why the unity or coherence of a subject's representations should depend upon an a priori synthesis. The guiding thread of my account is Kant's conception of enlightenment: as I suggest, the philosophy of mind advanced in the Deduction belongs to an enlightenment epistemology. Kant's conception of enlightenment turns on the requirement that a subject be able to recognize herself as the source of her cognitions. The argument for the apperception principle is reconstructed under the guidance of this conception of the ideal of enlightenment. 相似文献
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Cecilia Jakobsson Bergstad Amelie Gamble Olle Hagman Merritt Polk Tommy G?rling Dick Ettema Margareta Friman Lars E. Olsson 《Applied research in quality of life》2012,7(1):49-62
A survey of a random sample of 1,330 Swedish residents assessed the relationships between affect associated with performance
of routine out-of-home activities, mood, and judgments of life satisfaction (cognitive subjective wellbeing, CSWB). Regression
analyses showed that sociodemographic variables accounted for most variance in CSWB (7%) and least in mood (2%). In agreement
with previous research, CSWB increased with income, employment, and cohabiting with a spouse, and had a U-formed relationship
with age. Affect associated with routine activities accounted for more variance than the socio-demographic variables in mood
(30%) and in CSWB (13%). Mood partially mediated the effect on CSWB of affect associated with the activities. The results
suggest that future policy-related research should consider the possibility that community-provided resources that facilitate
performance of routine out-of-home activities would increase life satisfaction. 相似文献
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Previous studies have demonstrated reductions in episodic memory during nicotine withdrawal. However, these studies have been unable to dissociate memory reductions from losses in attention associated with tobacco abstinence. In the present study, the authors sought to determine whether episodic memory reduction is a primary effect of nicotine withdrawal during tobacco abstinence. Heavy smokers were tested when smoking normally and following 24 hrs of abstinence. Participants were tested with a recognition memory task in which items were studied under full and divided attention conditions. Forward digit span and backward digit span were also included as control measures. Withdrawal was associated with a reduction in memory performance that was independent of attention at encoding. The authors conclude that impairment of episodic memory is a primary effect of nicotine withdrawal during tobacco abstinence. Further research is required to determine if this is associated with continued use of tobacco and cessation failures. 相似文献
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Neal Schmitt Frederick L. Oswald Alyssa Friede Anna Imus Stephanie Merritt 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2008,72(3):317-335
Because person–organization fit relates to important outcomes, and because fit is a time-dependent process, there exists a need to model longitudinal data related to fit. In a multi-university sample (N = 1174), we tested hypotheses concerning person–organization fit and various behavioral and attitudinal outcomes; correlations between changes in these variables over time, and the correlates of these changes. Using autoregressive modeling and latent growth curve modeling, results indicated that academic fit leads to academic satisfaction, which in turn leads to turnover intent, and to a lesser extent GPA and class absenteeism. Changes in academic fit correlated highly with similar changes in satisfaction and GPA and with opposite changes in turnover intent. Academic satisfaction did not correlate with subsequent organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as predicted; changes across these domains were significantly related, but were small. Consistent with our hypotheses, Realistic interests correlated negatively with changes in academic fit and satisfaction. Investigative interests were correlated positively with changes in fit and initial satisfaction levels. We conclude by discussing implications, limitations, and future research concerning the longitudinal analysis of person–organization fit. 相似文献
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Anna C. Merritt Daniel A. Effron Steven Fein Kenneth K. Savitsky Daniel M. Tuller Benoît Monin 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2012,48(3):774-777
Moral credentials establish one's virtue and license one to act in morally disreputable ways with impunity (Monin & Miller, 2001). We propose that when people anticipate doing something morally dubious, they strategically attempt to earn moral credentials. Participants who expected to do something that could appear racist (decline to hire a Black job candidate in Studies 1 and 2, or take a test that might reveal implicit racial bias in Study 3) subsequently sought to establish non-racist credentials (by expressing greater racial sensitivity in Studies 1 and 2, or by exaggerating how favorably they perceived a Black job candidate in Study 3). Consistent with prior research, a follow-up study revealed that the opportunity to establish such credentials subsequently licensed participants to express more favorable attitudes towards a White versus a Black individual. We argue that strategically pursuing moral credentials allows individuals to manage attributions about their morally dubious behavior. 相似文献
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Stephanie M. Merritt 《Journal of business and psychology》2012,27(4):421-436