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871.
Peter S. Jensen Henry K. Watanabe John E. Richters Margaret Roper Euthymia D. Hibbs Allan D. Salzberg Sharon Liu 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1996,24(2):151-168
Using a multimethod multistage screening procedure, the authors interviewed 201 parents and their children with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC 2.1). In addition, parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and other survey measures, while their children completed self-report scales. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were done to determine optimal cutpoints on the CBCL, referenced to DISC diagnostic caseness. DISC diagnoses, DISC stem symptoms, CBCL scores, and CBCL ROC-cutpoints were compared against external validators, in order to determine the comparative advantages of each approach for assessing child psychopathology. Overall findings suggest that the controversies about best assessment strategies may be artificial: When both assessment approaches are compared using similar methods, they are reasonably comparable. However, highly specific diagnostic categories may show fewer relationships with external validators and may therefore need more systematic validational studies.The opinions and assertions contained in this paper are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of Health and Human Services, the National Institute of Mental Health, the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, or the Department of the Army. 相似文献
872.
Sharon Rae Jenkins 《Sex roles》1994,30(5-6):347-369
This study related the structural power of women's occupational roles to their job values, perceptions, satisfactions, and dissatisfactions regarding power and affiliation. For 110 mostly Caucasian college-educated women in their mid-30s returning mailed questionnaires, analyses compared women in relational power, directive power, and low power jobs. Women in supervisory roles were compared with nonsupervisors. Perceived Autonomy/Challenge and Affiliation correlated with Interpersonal Power satisfaction; these and Perceived Status Mobility correlated with Interpersonal Power dissatisfaction. More women in relational power jobs reported Affiliative values and Interpersonal Power satisfactions, and fewer reported Status Mobility values and perceptions or Autonomy/Challenge satisfactions. Supervisors valued and perceived Status Mobility and Autonomy/Challenge more than did nonsupervisors, and reported more Autonomy/Challenge satisfaction. More nonsupervisors reported Interpersonal Power and Affiliative satisfactions. Thus, as women gain more structural power, they report less satisfaction from Interpersonal Power despite greater satisfaction with Autonomy/Challenge.I thank Sandra S. Tangri for initiating and continuing this longitudinal study; Sandra S. Tangri, Jo Ruggiero, and Jan Hitchcock for their collaborative work on the 1981 data collection; and Karen Chandler and Kathy MacDonald for coding of open-ended data. I appreciate Harriett Aronson's comments on previous drafts, and those of two anonymous reviewers.This research has been supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Grant No. 5-F1-MH-30#493-03; by Radcliffe Research Support Grants from The Henry A. Murray Research Center of Radcliffe College to Jo Ruggiero and to Sharon Rae Jenkins; a faculty research grant from the University of California, Santa Cruz to Sharon Rae Jenkins; and by a grant from the Mobil Foundation to Radcliffe College awarded to Sharon Rae Jenkins. Portions of these analyses were supported by NIMH Postdoctoral Fellowship MH-15122-07 from the Department of Sociology and Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley. The 1967 and 1970 data sets are archived at The Henry A. Murray Research Center, Radcliffe College, Ten Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, are used with the Center's permission, and are available for secondary analysis by qualified researchers. 相似文献
873.
This research attempts to integrate self-determination theory with the construct of self-schema. Forty-nine schematic subjects
(i.e., extreme on a personality dimension) received counterschematic feedback in either an ego-involving or non-ego-involving
condition. Subjects’ autonomy versus control orientations were assessed. Results indicated that subjects with higher autonomy
orientations changed less in response to counterschematic feedback than those with lower autonomy orientations. As well, subjects
in the ego-involving condition changed more in the direction of the counterschematic feedback than those in the non-ego-involving
condition. Findings suggest that both dispositional and situational factors account for differences in the degree to which
individuals display consistency and self-awareness in processing information about themselves. Results are interpreted as
support for the notion that greater autonomy is associated with a higher degree of self-knowledge and self-concept stability.
This research was supported in part by the Frances L. Hiatt School of Psychology, Clark University. 相似文献
874.
875.
Automated Measurement of Mouse Freezing Behavior and its Use for Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Contextual Fear Conditioning in (BALB/cJ × C57BL/6J)F2 Mice 下载免费PDF全文
Vernica S. Valentinuzzi Daniel E. Kolker Martha Hotz Vitaterna Kazuhiro Shimomura Andrew Whiteley Sharon Low-Zeddies Fred W. Turek Elenice A.M. Ferrari Richard Paylor Joseph S. Takahashi 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》1998,5(4):391-403
The most commonly measured mouse behavior in fear conditioning tests is freezing. A technical limitation, particularly for genetic studies, is the method of direct observation used for quantifying this response, with the potential for bias or inconsistencies. We report the use of a computerized method based on latency between photobeam interruption measures as a reliable scoring criterion in mice. The different computer measures obtained during contextual fear conditioning tests showed high correlations with hand-scored freezing; r values ranged from 0.87 to 0.94. Previously reported strain differences between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J in context-dependent fear conditioning were also detected by the computer-based system. In addition, the use of computer-scored freezing of 199 (BALB/cJ×C57BL/6J)F2 mice enabled us to detect a suggestive gender-dependent chromosomal locus for contextual fear conditioning on distal chromosome 8 by QTL analysis. Automation of freeze scoring would significantly increase efficiency and reliability of this learning and memory test. 相似文献
876.
Ninness H. A. Chris Ninness Sharon K. Sherman Sandra Schotta Chuck 《The Psychological record》1998,48(4):601-616
The Psychological Record - Following a preexperimental assessment of computer-interactive math performance during VR 6 reinforcement and extinction, 4 regular education students and 2 students... 相似文献
877.
Timothy J. H. Paisey Robert B. Whitney Sharon M. Wainczak 《Behavioral Interventions》1993,8(2):133-145
Treatment of stereotypic hand mouthing in a 3-year-old girl with Rett syndrome by differential reinforcement of competing functional responses plus response interruption is described and evaluated in this case study. A package of graduated guidance with social and edible reinforcers successfully established stable rates of functional hand movements to activate toys, gross motor responses to verbal prompts, palmar grasp and release, and some vocal imitation. Contingent response interruption virtually eliminated hand mouthing during instructional sessions. Instruction alone did not maintain hand mouthing suppression when interruption was withdrawn, and treatment gains appeared highly discriminated. Post-hoc comparison indicated differential reinforcement plus response interruption (DR1 + 1) to be superior to hand splints in reducing hand stereotypies, with approximately equivalent increases in collateral tongue thrusting. 相似文献
878.
879.
Joseph K. Mintah Sharon Huddleston Susann G. Doody 《Journal of applied social psychology》1999,29(3):597-605
The present study examines the extent to which athletes in selected contact and semicontact sports report agreement or disagreement with the use of intentional acts of aggression during competition. Eighty-five male athletes responded to the Bredemeier Athietic Aggression Inventory-Short Form and the Mintah Huddleston Aggression Justification Inventory. Overall results revealed no significant differences between subjects' use of hostile and instrumental aggression in sport and between the hostile and instrumental justifications provided for such behavior. Results indicated that contact-sport participants disagree more with the use of instrumental aggression than semicontact-sport participants. 相似文献
880.
Sharon B. Shaw 《Group》1997,21(2):159-174
Caregiver support groups traditionally focus on education, reduction of social isolation, and supportive sharing. However,
the support group literature has increasingly reflected an interest in the emotional effects of caregiving. While some authors
promote the therapeutic value of supporting defenses against painful feelings, others have documented the value of encouraging
their expression in groups. This paper is based on the author’s experience in co-leading an Alzheimer’s family support group,
using a modern psychoanalytic approach which encourages the full expression of the caregivers’ emotional experience. Using
emotional communication to explore resistances to intimacy and aggression in groups, the author demonstrates how the interplay
of co-leadership and Modern Psychoanalytic theory and techniques promotes group cohesion and encourages maturational growth
in group members. This model is also prescribed as an antidote to leader “burnout,” a not uncommon phenomenon for leaders
of such emotionally charged groups.
Private Practice, New York, New York. 相似文献