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941.
Shore R Halsey J Shah K Crigger BJ Douglas SP;AMA Council on Ethical Judicial Affairs 《The Journal of clinical ethics》2011,22(2):165-172
Although many physicians have been using the internet for both clinical and social purposes for years, recently concerns have been raised regarding blurred boundaries of the profession as a whole. In both the news media and medical literature, physicians have noted there are unanswered questions in these areas, and that professional self-regulation is needed. This report discusses the ethical implications of physicians' nonclinical use of the internet, including the use of social networking sites, blogs, and other means to post content online. It does not address the clinical use of the internet, such as telemedicine, e-prescribing, online clinical consultations, health-related websites, use of electronic media for clinical collaboration, and e-mailing patients (some of which are already covered in the AMA's Code of Medical Ethics). 相似文献
942.
Culver JO MacDonald DJ Thornton AA Sand SR Grant M Bowen DJ Burke H Garcia N Metcalfe KA Weitzel JN 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(3):294-307
BRCA+ breast cancer patients face high risk for a second breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Helping these women decide among risk-reducing options requires effectively conveying complex, emotionally-laden, information. To support their decision-making needs, we developed a web-based decision aid (DA) as an adjunct to genetic counseling. Phase 1 used focus groups to determine decision-making needs. These findings and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework guided the DA development. Phase 2 involved nine focus groups of four stakeholder types (BRCA+ breast cancer patients, breast cancer advocates, and genetics and oncology professionals) to evaluate the DA's decision-making utility, information content, visual display, and implementation. Overall, feedback was very favorable about the DA, especially a values and preferences ranking-exercise and an output page displaying personalized responses. Stakeholders were divided as to whether the DA should be offered at-home versus only in a clinical setting. This well-received DA will be further tested to determine accessibility and effectiveness. 相似文献
943.
Heather J. Peters Angela J. Krumm Rufus R. Gonzales Kensa K. Gunter Karen N. Paez Sharon D. Zygowicz Kristee L. Haggins 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2011,39(2):114-124
Psychology training programs have a responsibility to train multiculturally competent psychologists. Predoctoral interns were surveyed to compare the multicultural environment of academic and internship programs. Internship programs were perceived as more multicultural than were academic programs. Factors contributing to differences are examined, and suggestions are made for improving multicultural environments in training. Los programas de formación en psicología tienen la responsabilidad de formar psicólogos competentes multiculturalmente. Se entrevistó a interinos predoctorales para comparar el ambiente multicultural de sus programas académicos y de interinidad. Se percibió que los programas de interinidad eran más multiculturales que los programas académicos. Se examinan los factores que contribuyen a estas diferencias, y se ofrecen sugerencias para mejorar los ambientes multiculturales en la formación. 相似文献
944.
945.
This article outlines the U.S. Army's effort to empirically validate and assess the Comprehensive Soldier Fitness (CSF) program. The empirical assessment includes four major components. First, the CSF scientific staff is currently conducting a longitudinal study to determine if the Master Resilience Training program and the Comprehensive Resilience Modules lead to lasting resilience development in soldiers. Second, the CSF program has partnered with other researchers to conduct a series of longitudinal studies examining the link between physiological, neurobiological, and psychological resilience factors. Third, the CSF program is also incorporating institutional-level data to determine if its material influences health, behavioral, and career outcomes. Fourth, group randomized trials are being conducted to ensure that resilience training incorporated under the CSF program is effective with soldiers. A specific rationale and methodologies are discussed. 相似文献
946.
Xanthopoulos MS Borradaile KE Hayes S Sherman S Vander Veur S Grundy KM Nachmani J Foster GD 《Body image》2011,8(4):385-389
The purpose of the current study was to examine the relative contributions of weight status, race/ethnicity, sex, and age on body dissatisfaction in a large group of diverse children. Participants were 4th–6th graders (N = 1212) in ten inner-city schools who participated in an obesity prevention study previously published. Children completed the body dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), and weight status was assessed by measured weights and heights. Multiple regression analyses were conducted. Relative weight status was the strongest predictor of body dissatisfaction, followed by race/ethnicity, and sex. Body dissatisfaction was greatest in obese, Asian, and female children. Overall, results indicated that children's body dissatisfaction varies based on relative weight status, as well as race/ethnicity and sex among urban children. Results highlight the strong need for additional research so that more definitive conclusions may be drawn regarding the development of body image among diverse groups of children. 相似文献
947.
Matthias Weigl Severin Hornung Sharon K. Parker Jürgen Glaser 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2010,77(1):140-153
Drawing on Conservation of Resources Theory and previous research on work engagement, the present study investigates gain spirals between employees' engagement and their task, social, and personal resources. It focuses on the key resources of job control, positive work relationships, and active coping behavior. In a three-wave design, work engagement (T2) is suggested to function both as an outcome and antecedent of these resources, so that engagement mediates indirect longitudinal effects of initial (T1) on subsequent (T3) resources. Item-level structural equation modeling supported our hypotheses in a three-wave panel (N = 416) of hospital physicians with measurement intervals of 14 and 19 months. Connections between engagement research and other evolving perspectives in organizational research are highlighted. Unique contributions of the present study and their implications for further research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
948.
Sarah S. Richardson 《Synthese》2010,177(3):337-362
Feminist philosophy of science has led to improvements in the practices and products of scientific knowledge-making, and in
this way it exemplifies socially relevant philosophy of science. It has also yielded important insights and original research
questions for philosophy. Feminist scholarship on science thus presents a worthy thought-model for considering how we might
build a more socially relevant philosophy of science—the question posed by the editors of this special issue. In this analysis
of the history, contributions, and challenges faced by feminist philosophy of science, I argue that engaged case study work
and interdisciplinarity have been central to the success of feminist philosophy of science in producing socially relevant
scholarship, and that its future lies in the continued development of robust and dynamic philosophical frameworks for modeling
social values in science. Feminist philosophers of science, however, have often encountered marginalization and persistent
misunderstandings, challenges that must be addressed within the institutional and intellectual culture of American philosophy. 相似文献
949.
We probed simultaneous French–Spanish bilinguals for the perception of Spanish lexical stress using three tasks, two short-term memory encoding tasks and a speeded lexical decision. In all three tasks, the performance of the group of simultaneous bilinguals was intermediate between that of native speakers of Spanish on the one hand and French late learners of Spanish on the other hand. Using a composite stress ‘deafness’ index measure computed over the results of the three tasks, we found that the performance of the simultaneous bilinguals is best fitted by a bimodal distribution that corresponds to a mixture of the performance distributions of the two control groups. Correlation analyses showed that the variables explaining language dominance are linked to early language exposure. These findings are discussed in light of theories of language processing in bilinguals. 相似文献
950.
Harman and Lewis credit Kripke with having formulated a puzzle that seems to show that knowledge entails dogmatism. The puzzle
is widely regarded as having been solved. In this paper we argue that this standard solution, in its various versions, addresses
only a limited aspect of the puzzle and holds no promise of fully resolving it. Analyzing this failure and the proper rendering
of the puzzle, it is suggested that it poses a significant challenge for the defense of epistemic closure. 相似文献