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131.
The concurrent validity of the Nonvocal Cognitive Quotient (NVCQ) of the Cognitive Abilities Scale (CAS) and the Binet IV was examined for 2- and 3-year-olds referred to Project Find. Adequate concurrent validity was found for the CAS NVCQ and the Binet IV Verbal Comprehension at both age levels as well as for the Nonverbal Reasoning/ Visualization factor of the Binet IV at age 3. A significant, but moderate correlation was obtained with 2-year-olds for the NVCQ and the Binet IV Nonverbal Reasoning/ Visualization factor, the Binet IV scores being significantly higher scores. Differences in the results for the 2-year-olds are discussed. The implications of the results are presented. 相似文献
132.
Steve W Link 《Journal of mathematical psychology》1975,12(1):114-135
Choice reaction times and response probabilities are analyzed in terms of a random walk decision process. The theory of relative judgment which gives rise to this analysis assumes that a presented stimulus is compared by the subject to an internal psychological standard or referent. Discrepancies between the stimulus and the referent are accumulated until one or the other of two response thresholds is exceeded. Results from three experiments are examined in detail. In each experiment a particular feature of the theory is tested and shown to be supported by the data. Methods of estimating the two parameters of the theory are given and an appendix presents a summary of theoretical results. 相似文献
133.
The paper presents an extension of Henmon’s (1906) finding that RT decreases as the difficulty of discriminating a difference between two line segments decreases. It is shown that, when an E RT deadline is imposed on the experimental task, RT remains constant with respect to changes in discrimination difficulty, but that correct response probability increases with increasing difference between two line segments. The data are examined in terms of current theories for the speed-accuracy trade-off. 相似文献
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Farzana?T.?SaleemEmail author Sharon?F.?Lambert 《Journal of child and family studies》2016,25(5):1385-1396
Racial socialization is one factor known to attenuate the negative consequences of racial discrimination on adolescents’ anger and depressive symptoms. However, little is known about whether racial socialization messages addressing cultural and racial pride and messages preparing youth for racial discrimination and racial barriers function differently depending upon whether adolescents perceive personal versus institutional racial discrimination. Thus, the present study examined whether racial socialization messages emphasizing racial pride and racial barriers protected against anger and depressive symptoms for African American adolescents’ experience of personal and institutional racial discrimination. Participants were a community sample of 106 urban African American adolescents (57 % girls; mean age = 15.41) residing in a large metropolitan area. Regression analyses revealed that personal racial discrimination was positively associated with anger for youth reporting low cultural pride reinforcement, and positively associated with depressive symptoms for youth reporting low cultural alertness to discrimination; there were no associations between personal racial discrimination and anger or depressive symptoms for youth reporting high racial socialization messages. Neither cultural pride nor racial barrier racial socialization message protected against institutional racial discrimination. Findings suggest that the protective effects of racial socialization messages vary based on the type of racial discrimination adolescents experience. 相似文献
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Michal Biron Sharon Toker 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2016,25(3):430-446
Status inconsistency is a situation in which there is an objective or subjective mismatch between, for example, a person’s education and his/her income. This mismatch may transform into status enhancement, wherein rewards exceed one’s human capital, or into status detraction, wherein one’s human capital exceeds one’s rewards. Although status inconsistency affects employees’ attitudes and behaviours, little is known about individual differences in this variable. The current study investigates whether the relationships of agreeableness and dominance—with objective and subjective status inconsistency vary by gender. We analysed objective and subjective input and return statuses among a sample of 375 employees. We found that men who expressed a gender-non-congruent trait, namely agreeableness, experienced an objective backlash effect compared with dominant men, whereas women who expressed a gender-non-congruent trait, namely dominance, did not experience a backlash effect compared with agreeable women. In addition, our results show that agreeable employees, both men and women, perceive themselves as status-enhanced when in fact they are not. Finally, we show that objective status inconsistency mediates the relationships of agreeableness and dominance with subjective status inconsistency. 相似文献
139.
Carolyn J. Heckman Teja Munshi Susan Darlow Jacqueline D. Kloss Sharon L. Manne Clifford Perlis 《Psychology, health & medicine》2016,21(1):60-66
Despite its known association with skin cancer, tanning remains popular among young adult women. Indoor tanning behavior has been found to be associated with affective and addictive disorders. To better understand potential psychological and biological mechanisms of tanning behavior, we investigated associations between tanning and medication (psychotropic and other) use among young women. Two hundred and fifty-three women age 18–29 years old were recruited from two northeastern university campus communities. Women self-reported tanning frequency and chronic medication use. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, indoor tanning ≥12 times last year was significantly associated with use of psychotropic medication and anti-depressants in particular. Sunbathing was not associated with medication use. Potential reasons for associations between tanning and psychotropic medication use are discussed. Indoor tanners should be warned that some psychotropic medications are photosensitizing, thus increasing risk for burns and other skin damage from indoor tanning. 相似文献
140.