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71.
Hymer S 《American journal of psychoanalysis》2004,64(1):27-38
Being in the moment can either heighten self-awareness through observation and interpretation or result in temporary loss of self through experiences of flow. Patients who can flexibly shift between these self-perspectives benefit the most from treatment. When patients risk breaking away from their fixed patterns, they experience a greater sense of aliveness and engagement. Patients who focus too much on the past or too little on the present have problems being centered. Case studies and Antonioni's film Blowup (1966) illustrate how our lives take on renewed meaning through sustaining a present focus. 相似文献
72.
Unmitigated communion, social constraints, and psychological distress among women with rheumatoid arthritis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The personality trait of unmitigated communion, an extreme focus on relationships that has been associated with self-neglect, has been linked to poorer outcomes for both men and women, but is more common among women. This longitudinal study is the first to examine the influence of unmitigated communion on adaptation to a chronic illness that affects a much greater proportion of women to men. Women with rheumatoid arthritis completed measures of unmitigated communion, social constraints, and psychological distress at study entry and repeated the distress measure one year later. As expected, unmitigated communion was associated with psychological distress. Cross-sectional moderation analyses indicated that low social constraints buffered the negative effects of unmitigated communion. 相似文献
73.
74.
This study used Kenny's social relations model to examine the relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-related impairment and interpersonal perceptions. Participants were 124 students who had previously completed the Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale as part of a larger study. After engaging in brief dyadic conversations with 3 other students, participants recorded perceptions of personality traits for themselves, their interaction partners and how they believed their partners saw them (metaperceptions). Results indicated that those with more severe post-traumatic stress disorder-related impairment saw themselves negatively and believed their interaction partners also viewed them negatively. However, these individuals were not seen differently by others, except that they were rated as less dependable. Our findings suggest that post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with negative beliefs about the self that may influence self-esteem and interpersonal relationships. 相似文献
75.
This study describes the effects of different weekly work intensity levels on adolescent functioning in a sample of 3,083 high school students in rural South Texas, where economically disadvantaged and Hispanic youth are heavily represented. Anonymous surveys were conducted in 10th- and 12th-grade students' classrooms in 1995. The following effects were associated with long hours of weekly employment during the school year: (1) decreased performance/engagement in school and satisfaction with amount of leisure time, and (2) increased health risk behaviors and psychological stress. The effects of school-year work on academic factors and health behaviors differed by grade, but not by race/ethnicity, parent education, or race/ethnicity and parent education considered together. It was concluded that parents and professionals should continue to monitor the number of weekly hours that students work during the school year. 相似文献
76.
Longitudinal effects of lean production on employee outcomes and the mediating role of work characteristics 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Parker SK 《The Journal of applied psychology》2003,88(4):620-634
The author discusses results from a 3 year quasi-experimental field study (N = 368), which suggest negative effects on employee outcomes after the implementation of 3 lean production practices: lean teams, assembly lines, and workflow formalization. Employees in all lean production groups were negatively affected, but those in assembly lines fared the worst, with reduced organizational commitment and role breadth self-efficacy and increased job depression. A nonequivalent control group had no negative changes in outcomes. Mediational analyses showed that the negative effects of lean production were at least partly attributable to declines in perceived work characteristics (job autonomy, skill utilization, and participation in decision making). The study also shows the longitudinal effects of these work characteristics on psychological outcomes. Implications for lean production, work design, and employee well-being are discussed. 相似文献
77.
We investigated dorsal visual stream involvement in the retrieval of a variety of visual attributes of common objects, using
functional magnetic resonance imaging. Seven subjects made binary decisions about the shape, color, and size of named objects
during scanning. Bilateral parietal activity was significantly greater during retrieval of shape and size information than
during retrieval of color information. Consistent with a domain-specific distributed model of semantic organization, the finding
that dorsal stream activity is associated with size and shape retrieval, as compared with color retrieval, may indicate that
both size and shape information are learned partly through dorsally mediated processes, such as visually guided grasping.
These results demonstrate that both visual-processing streams (i.e., the ventral “what” pathway and the dorsal “where” pathway)
are involved in the storage and/or retrieval of knowledge of object appearance but that, just as in vision, these two pathways
may play different roles in conceptual processing. 相似文献
78.
Joel J. Silverman Nirbhay N. Singh Sharon J. Carmanico Kathy A. Lindstrom Al M. Best Sydney Clearfield 《Journal of child and family studies》1999,8(1):71-89
We investigated the psychological impact of an organized visit to Polish concentration camps on Jewish-American adolescents. Eighty-seven adolescents who participated in a B'nai B'rith memorial visit to concentration camps in Poland completed measures of general psychological adjustment and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at four time-points: pretest, posttest, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up. Measures included the SCL-90-R, the Mississippi Scale for PTSD, and the Impact of Events Scale (IES) for PTSD. On the SCL-90-R, changes in somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive tendencies, depression, anxiety, and phobic anxiety were observed over time, with peak symptom scores at posttest and 6-month follow-up. Scores on the Mississippi Scale for PTSD and the IES Intrusion subscale also increased at 6-months. Predictors of PTSD symptoms on the Mississippi Scale included previous psychiatric treatment and SCL-90-R symptoms of paranoia, depression, and psychosis. Elevated psychotic symptoms on the SCL-90-R predicted PTSD symptoms on the IES. Jewish adolescents with preexisting symptoms of generalized distress or psychoticism appeared at increased risk for PTSD symptoms following exposure to Holocaust stimuli. This study contributes a prospective, multi-measure assessment of trauma reactions in adolescents. 相似文献
79.
Sharon H. Thompson Sara J. Corwin Thomas J. Rogan Roger G. Sargent 《Journal of child and family studies》1999,8(1):91-108
African American and White mother/adolescent pairs were examined for familial associations in body size and weight concerns. Mothers' and adolescents' estimates of adolescents' body mass index (BMI) were significantly correlated. Compared to boys, girls had greater body dissatisfaction, higher weight concerns, and perceived higher family/friend weight concerns. By race, White adolescents had more body dissatisfaction and greater concern about weight than African American adolescents. Four items explained 70.4% of the variance in adolescents' weight concern scores: adolescents' weight management practices, mothers' reports of adolescents' saying they were too fat, adolescents' perceptions of family/friends' weight concerns, and adolescents' body dissatisfaction. Our study suggests White girls are more concerned about their weight and perceive greater weight and dieting concerns among family/friends than African American girls. 相似文献
80.
Buschmann MaryBeth Tank Hollinger-Smith Linda M. Peterson-Kokkas Sharon E. 《Journal of Clinical Geropsychology》1999,5(4):291-300
Depression is a serious problem among older adults and there is limited research on the most effective way to implement and evaluate the effects of expressive touch, either alone or in combination with verbalization, on levels of depression. A convenience sample of 24 institutionalized depressed older adult subjects (15 females and 9 males), ages 67 to 91 years was used for this study. An interrupted time series with multiple replications design was employed with four measurements: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Life-Satisfaction-A-Scale, Rosenburg Self-Esteem Scale, and Locus of Control Scale. Four interventions were implemented: expressive touch only, verbalization only, a combination of expressive touch and verbalization, and a control (presence). Significant differences were found between pretest and posttest scores on the GDS for the expressive touch/verbal intervention. The most comfortable locations to implement the expressive touch and combination interventions were in the dining room or at the subject's bedside. The most comfortable areas of the subjects' bodies touched were the arms, hands, shoulders, and back. Results of this study support an important link between depression, self-esteem, locus of control, and life satisfaction and expressive touch either alone or when combined with talk. Touch as a mode of effective social support may have a therapeutic effect for depressed older adults. 相似文献