情绪应激体液免疫调节作用的影响因素

以给予经定时喂水训练大鼠空瓶刺激为情绪性心理直激源,研究了应激源给予的频率及抗原免疫前或后给予应激刺激等因素对此情绪应激体液免疫调节作用的影响：结果表明,特异性抗原OVA免疫前3次,每次30分钟的情绪应激刺激不影响大鼠的抗OVA抗体水平和脾脏指数;抗原免疫后,同样频率和持续时间的情绪应激能一定程度地降低体液免疫功能;而抗原免疫后14次,每次10分钟的情绪应激刺激则显著降低大鼠的抗OVA抗体水平和脾脏指数。该研究证实,抗原免疫后、反复多次的情绪应激刺激能显著抑制大鼠的原发性体液免疫功能。     

儒家人格理论的特性

儒家人格理论的特性具体表现为:君子人格的奋斗目标既扎根于现实的土壤之中,又带有诸多虚拟的理想化色彩,即现实性和虚拟性的矛盾与统一;其思维方法、行为风范、人格完善的标准具有中庸性和两面性(即双重人格)的矛盾与统一;君子人格的魅力存在于德性与智性的矛盾与张力之间,而它的精华与糟粕恰恰隐含在这些特性中.     

论管子寓军于政、平战一体的军事思想

中国先秦战争连绵不断,因而产生了众多的兵学家和兵学理论,为中国乃至世界兵学的发展奠定了扎实的基础。管仲作为先秦齐国的贤相,不仅是一位政治家、思想家,而且还是一位军事家,其倡导并实践的寓军于政、平战一体的军事思想是齐国强大并成为春秋五霸之首的重要保障。     

中小学数学教师数感内隐观的调查研究

该研究以131名中小学数学教师为被试,采用调查分析的方法,编制了数感结构选项表,考察了中小学数学教师的数感结构内隐观。结果显示：中小学数学教师的数感结构内隐观所涉及的范围广泛,经因素分析可以把它概括为6个因素。它们分别是：数学运算、数学认知因素、非书面计算能力、理解数与运算的意义、对数的认识与直觉、数符号表征能力。     

儒家"为人处世"之道正负社会功用辨析

孔子对中华民族最大的贡献,是揭示了"道德"这个人之为人的准绳即"君子法",其实是国家治乱的根源.儒家的为人处世之道一是指君子之道,亦即忠诚、孝敬、责任、廉耻,二是指蕴含在礼乐精神之中的处世之道:乐的精神是和,礼的精神是序.作为制度的"礼"因出自自然血亲,戴上了温情脉脉的面纱.无论作为"君子法"的忠、孝、责任与廉耻,还是"处世之道"的礼乐精神,在现实中都是善恶相混,充满内在的矛盾与拮抗.     

在中西文化传统比较中诠释儒学的实质与核心价值

当代中国的崛起是马克思主义中国化的伟大成就,其背后深刻的文化与精神因素是以儒学为表征的传统文化自近代以来与西方文化的碰撞、交融、整合与创新的结果。科学诠释儒学的实质和核心价值,应该将其放在中西文化传统动态发展的流变中进行比较。这种比较的好处有:其一,可以找到中国发展之道的文化背景缘由;其二,可以启发我们找到当下中国进一步发展存在的问题之症结及如何借鉴西方文化的精髓及其方法和途径。儒学的仁义礼智信、恭宽信敏惠、忠孝廉耻、天人合一、中庸之道等心性修养学说和丰厚的人文资源是我们走向世界的宝贵资源和精神财富,它和西方的政治理念与制度文明二者都具有开放和创化的普世价值,都必须受到马克思主义的历史唯物主义、辩证唯物主义的审视和指导,尤其需要用马克思主义人的全面发展的理论和异化的理论进行批判地继承、借鉴和整合创新。     

从基因科学角度对人类心理行为的探讨

随着基因科学的不断发展,对基因与人类心理行为之间关系的研究大量涌现。本文对此类研究进行了简要的介绍,列举了三个主要阶段。并提出了几点在研究中需要注意的问题。     

Effects of Perceived Responsibility,Injury Severity,and Injury Target on Discipline Severity

We examined the effects of injury severity, injury target, and perceived responsibility on supervisors' discipline severity following a rule violation. Participants made discipline judgments after reading scenarios describing work rule violations. Data revealed an Injury Severity × Injury Target interactive effect on discipline severity. Respondents disciplined rule violators more severely when the behavior caused a serious coworker injury than when the violating behavior caused a minor coworker injury. Discipline severity decreased as the severity of the injury the rule violator experienced increased. That finding goes against conventional wisdom stating that a positive linear relation exists between the extent of an injury and discipline severity and suggests that supervisors might not make all discipline judgments in a simple, linear fashion.     

Event centrality of positive and negative autobiographical memories to identity and life story across cultures

The aim of this study was to investigate whether cultural differences exist in event centrality, emotional distress and well-being in a total of 565 adults above age 40 from Mexico, Greenland, China and Denmark. Participants completed questionnaires to determine their level of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms, and of life satisfaction. They also completed event centrality scales for their most positive and most negative life events. Across cultures, participants rated positive events as more central to their identity and life stories, compared with negative events. Furthermore, participants with higher levels of emotional distress rated negative events as more central to their identity and life story, compared with participants with lower scores. However, a converse pattern was not found for positive events. Finally, participants with higher scores of life satisfaction tended to rate positive events as more central and negative events as less central to their identity and life story, compared with participants with lower scores. It is concluded that across cultures, positive events are considered more central to identity and life story than negative events and that event centrality ratings tend to be affected in similar ways by higher versus lower levels of emotional distress or well-being.