“知”“德”之辨——苏格拉底与王阳明比较研究

文章采用中西比较研究的方法 ,对于苏格拉底和王阳明伦理学的基本命题———“德性即知识”与“致良知” ,从德性的根据、德性认识的方法、德性的实现三个方面 ,围绕着“知”与“德”这一核心问题 ,进行了分析阐述和比较研究 ,并透过这一个案试图揭示中西两种伦理学传统的重大差异。     

Chinese implicit leadership theory

In a 1st attempt to identify an implicit theory of leadership among Chinese people, the authors developed the Chinese Implicit Leadership Scale (CILS) in Study 1. In Study 2, they administered the CILS to 622 Chinese participants from 5 occupation groups, to explore differences in perceptions of leadership. Factor analysis yielded 4 factors of leadership: Personal Morality, Goal Efficiency, Interpersonal Competence, and Versatility. Social groups differing in age, gender, education level, and occupation rated these factors. Results showed no significant gender differences, and the underlying cause for social group differences was education level. All groups gave the highest ratings to Interpersonal Competence, reflecting the enormous importance of this factor, which is consistent with Chinese collectivist values.     

学习困难儿童诊断量表常模制定

"学习困难检查表"在上海范围内向1067名被试施测后,本研究对所获数据进行了初步分析,得到(1)各变量原始数据的均数和标准差.(2)各变量原始数据有显著年龄差异和性别差异.(3)信效度检验结果基本符合心理测量学要求.(4)制定了上海地区常模.     

Testing indirect effect with a complete or incomplete dichotomous mediator

Past methodological research on mediation analysis mainly focused on situations where all variables were complete and continuous. When issues of categorical data occur combined with missing data, more methodological considerations are involved. Specifically, appropriate decisions need to be made on estimation methods of the indirect effects and on confidence intervals for testing the indirect effects with accommodations of missing data. We compare strategies that address these issues based on a model with a dichotomous mediator, aiming to provide guidelines for researchers facing such challenges in practice.     

Frans H. van Eemeren,Bart Garssen & Nanon Labrie: argumentation between doctors and patients: understanding clinical argumentative discourse

The latest book is a timely application of the Pragma-Dialectical argumentative approach to medical consultation. The book consists of six chapters, which are concerned with topics pertaining to resolving differences of the opinion in doctor-patient interaction. With the publication of the book, the authors have made new contributions to the field of doctor-patient argumentative discourse.

     

细胞凋亡与疾病的治疗

２０年前,人们就开始注意细胞凋亡现象,但由于当时人们细胞信号传导及真核基因调控所知甚少,因此只能孤立地看待“细胞凋亡”,２０年后,人们重新认识“细胞凋亡”发现它是一种生理性死亡,是通过一种细胞固有的ＤＮＡ编码的自杀程序,系统思维方法,使人们将凋亡与当今疾病的治疗联系起来,科学家们一方面通过诱导细胞凋亡来达到治疗肿瘤目的,另一方面又通过阻止这种细胞凋亡来治疗艾滋病,我们从中看到事物的辨证统一,充分体     

7—11岁汉族、傣族、景颇族儿童概念形成的比较研究

本实验是对7—11岁昆明汉族、瑞丽汉族、傣族和景颇族共190名儿童所作的概念形成的比较研究。实验结果指出:1.儿童概念形成随年龄增长而不断提高。表现在两个方面:(一)所形成的概念水平提高;(二)概念形成中被试所采取的假设—检验策略水平的提高。2.文化环境对儿童概念形成的影响是明显的。在不同性质的五个项目实验中,所有年龄阶段,昆明儿童成绩均高于瑞丽三种民族儿童,差异在某些项目的某些年龄阶段是显著或者非常显著,在瑞丽地区由于三种民族环境条件也有差异,在五个实验项目中,数列和词义关系两项实验出现了显著性的差异。文章分析了产生差异的原因:(一)学校教育;(二)家庭教育;(三)社会意识等方面。     

课堂教学效果的心理学评价方法

本项研究把课堂教学看成一个动态系统。在广泛收集资料和运用特尔斐法进行调查的基础上,又经两次因子分析处理,得出问卷量表。用此量表在62名初中数学教师所教的1937名学生中取得数据。经多因素统计分析,提出课堂教学的五个子系统和二十五项心理因素的可靠性;突破了以往研究的局限性;探讨了课堂教学结构心理因素的数量化和预测教学效果的可能性;增强了评议课堂教学质量的客观性。     

Regional gray matter volume mediates the relationship between family socioeconomic status and depression-related trait in a young healthy sample

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a complex phenomenon that is predicted by a broad spectrum of variables and is often conceptualized as a combination of financial, occupational, and educational influences. SES is associated with symptoms of depression and depression-related personality traits. Many studies have focused on the relationship between SES and depression symptoms in clinical subjects; however, there are few studies of the neural basis of the relationship between SES and depression-related personality traits in nonclinical subjects. Thus, in the present study, we studied the neural basis of the relationship between SES and depression-related traits. The first step was to use voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate the neuroanatomical basis underlying family SES in a large sample of healthy subjects. We found a significant negative correlation between family SES and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that extending to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Then, the mediation analysis revealed that the correlation between family SES, especially family income, and depression-related traits were mediated by the region of the mPFC that extending to the ACC volume. These findings suggest that the family income may play more important role in driving depression-related traits than that of parental education. They also suggest that the mPFC extension to the ACC may play an important role in the correlation between familial SES, especially with respect to family income and the depression-related traits.