网络游戏动机的种类、影响及其作用机制

从动机的角度理解网络游戏日益受到研究者的关注。网络游戏动机的研究主要包括：(1)网络游戏动机的种类。在诸多游戏动机中, 乐趣是研究者最为关注的, 其次包括沉醉、社交、逃避、好奇和竞争等。(2)网络游戏动机的影响因素, 包括人格和网络游戏中的社会和个人互动等。(3)动机对网络游戏意向和行为的影响, 这些动机包括乐趣、社交和成就等。(4)网络游戏动机的影响机制, 包括网络游戏动机的中介作用、网络游戏动机与网络游戏行为意向之间的中介变量和调节变量。未来的研究应当关注网络游戏动机种类的分化与整合, 重视从发展心理学、动机的形成和发展过程以及情绪的角度来探讨网络游戏的动机。     

Changes in suicide methods in Quebec between 1987 and 2000: the possible impact of bill C-17 requiring safe storage of firearms

This study presents the changes in the overall and firearm suicide rates for Québec (Canada) before and after Bill C-17, which was implemented to secure safe storage of firearms. It covers 20,009 suicide cases reported to the coroner's office. Interrupted time series analysis is used to compare suicide rates in the two periods. Firearm suicide rates have dropped among males and females, but the downward trends were not significant when compared to those prior to the law. Hanging suicide rates have risen considerably among men and women, but those upward trends did not increase significantly when compared with those preceding the law. The decline in suicide rates involving firearms has not resulted in a parallel decline in overall suicide rates. The analyses suggest that Bill C-17 neither improved the downward trend in firearm suicide, which had already begun before the enactment of the law, nor reduced the upward trend of the overall suicide rate. Correlation analyses between firearm suicide, hanging suicide, and the overall suicide rate suggest that firearm suicide is replaced by hanging suicide among males.     

《医学与哲学:人文社会医学版》2001-2006年的论文作者分析

依据文献计量学原理,探讨《医学与哲学：人文社会医学版》杂志以及该杂志改版后的“人文社会医学版”（2005年9月）载文作者、机构及地区情况,客观地反映了我国医学哲学的研究现状和发展趋势。讨论《医学与哲学：人文社会医学版》发文各项统计数量的意义。《医学与哲学：人文社会医学版》的作者队伍分布范围广,具有一定的国际性质。     

言语中的音高信息声学语音学加工的大脑偏侧化

旨在探讨言语中音高信息自下而上的声学语音学加工的神经机制和大脑偏侧化.发现,被动听和主动判断任务分别激活了颞叶和额叶,激活在颞极、颞上回和额下回眶部表现出明显的右侧优势.结果表明,对言语中音高信息自下而上的声学语音学加工主要是右脑的功能,言语与非言语信号的音高信息可能有相似的加工机制,支持Gandour等提出的理论.     

Early vocabulary inventory for Mandarin Chinese

Early vocabulary development is a reliable predictor of children's later language skills. The MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) has provided a powerful tool to assess earlyvocabulary development in English and other languages. However, there have been no published CDI norms for Mandarin Chinese. Given the importance of large-scale comparative data sets for understanding the early childhood lexicon, we have developed an early vocabulary inventory for Mandarin. In this article, we report our efforts in developing this instrument, and discuss the data collected from 884 Chinese families in Beijing over a period of 12-30 months, based on our instrument. Chinese children's receptive and expressive lexicons as assessed by our inventory match well with those reported for English on the basis of CDI. In particular, our data indicate comprehension-production differences, individual differences in early comprehension and in later production, and different lexical development profiles among infants versus toddlers. We also make the checklists and norms of our inventory available to the research community via the Internet; they may be accessed from the Psychonomic Society's Archive of Norms, Stimuli, and Data, at www.psychonomic.org/archive.     

社会认知神经科学研究的最新进展

社会认知神经科学是一门采用认知神经科学技术研究社会认知现象的交叉学科,目前已经形成认知神经科学与心理生理学的热点研究领域。该文回顾了近年来有关情绪、情绪障碍、自我意识、经济决策、道德等方面的脑机制研究,临床研究和脑成像研究表明,恐惧、厌恶、愤怒、惊讶、快乐、悲伤等基本情绪在表达和识别上具有普遍性与特殊性;孤独症与“男性脑”的特征相关,抗抑郁药百忧解对抑郁症儿童的治疗作用;在自我意识的研究领域,自我概念产生的脑区定位、灵长类的自我意象、精神疾病患者的自我概念变化等研究的热点问题;经济决策的研究最近成为亮点之一,主要包括强互惠合作、风险决策、跨期选择以及品牌决策等方面;在道德的脑机制研究中,重点涉及了道德判断与捐赠行为的神经基础。文章最后展望了社会认知神经科学在我国发展的前景     

不同阅读水平儿童中央执行系统比较研究

本研究通过两部分实验探讨汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童与正常儿童中央执行系统的容量差异和这种差异的性质。通过比较匹配生理年龄的不同阅读水平儿童在自定步速和固定步速的复杂阅读广度测验中的成绩,发现发展性阅读障碍儿童在两种阅读广度测验中都表现出中央执行系统容量的缺陷,这种缺陷既不能用加工效率理论,也不能用资源分配理论来解释,而符合一般容量假设。因此,本研究支持发展性阅读障碍儿童存在实时加工和存储信息的一般容量缺陷。     

汉语儿童正字法意识的萌芽与发展

以474个幼儿园中、大班和小学一到三年级学生为研究对象,通过对70个线条图、位置错误非字、部件错误非字、假字和真字进行字典判断,探讨汉语儿童正字法意识的萌芽、发展及其与识字量之间的关系。结果发现:(1)汉语儿童正字法意识是从无到有、逐步发展的。学前处于萌芽状态,一年级儿童则已具备了一定的正字法意识,并随着年级增加而不断发展。(2)正字法意识分为多个层次,学前阶段只能发展区分汉字和线条图的基本能力,位置意识和部件意识要在入学后才能逐步发展,并且前者的获得比后者容易。(3)正字法意识的发展要以一定的识字量为基础,阅读能力在发展的不同阶段,分别与正字法意识的不同层面密切相关。     

Father, Mother and Me: Parental Value Orientations and Child Self-identity in Asian American Immigrants

Relations between Asian American parental value orientations and children’s self-identity in the domains of achievement and relationship were examined. Sixty-nine Asian American youths (15 males) of East Asian origin (51 Chinese, 18 Koreans) interviewed their parents (30 fathers) for their life stories as first-generation Asian Americans. They also told their life stories as second-generation Asian Americans. Fathers and mothers upheld Confucian values, which were associated with children’s autonomous sense of self in achievement domain and relational sense of self in relationship domain. Furthermore, fathers and mothers had differential influences on children’s self-identity, and sons and daughters responded differently to parental value socializations. Findings are discussed with respect to parent–child relationships and continuity of ethnic values in contemporary Asian American families.     

Speech perception deficits by Chinese children with phonological dyslexia

Findings concerning the relation between dyslexia and speech perception deficits are inconsistent in the literature. This study examined the relation in Chinese children using a more homogeneous sample—children with phonological dyslexia. Two experimental tasks were administered to a group of Chinese children with phonological dyslexia, a group of age-matched control children, and a group of adults. In addition to a categorical perception task, a selective adaptation task was carried out. The results indicated that Chinese children with phonological dyslexia were less consistent than both the child and adult control groups in identifying stimuli within a given phonetic category. Furthermore, they did not show any significant adaptation effects in the selective adaptation task even when the adapting stimulus was identical to an endpoint stimulus in the test continuum. It seems that children with phonological dyslexia have a general deficiency in representing and processing speech stimuli.