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181.
Sports Participation and Self-Esteem: Variations as a Function of Gender and Gender Role Orientation
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of gender, sports participation, and gender orientation in predicting individuals' domain-specific and global self-esteem. A sample of 100 Grade 11 students completed measures of self-perception, body image, gender orientation, and sports participation. The results showed that although boys reported greater satisfaction with weight and appearance, there were no gender differences in general self-worth. In addition, more feminine individuals who participated in competitive sports reported lower levels of perceived athletic competence and global self-worth, but reported higher self-esteem when they participated in more noncompetitive sports. Although sports participation does predict self-esteem, participants' gender orientation and the type of sports in which they participate are moderating factors. 相似文献
182.
Adolescent substance abuse is an increasing problem in US. society. This article provides an overview of adolescent substance abuse, screening, and assessment strategies; contact information related to specific assessment instruments; and information regarding ethics important to consider during the assessment process. 相似文献
183.
Vikki Krane Precilla Y. L. Choi Shannon M. Baird Christine M. Aimar Kerrie J. Kauer 《Sex roles》2004,50(5-6):315-329
Sportswomen live in 2 cultures: the sport culture that is inherently masculine and the larger social culture where femininity is celebrated for women. In this investigation, which was grounded in feminist cultural studies, we pursued the research question: how do female athletes negotiate and reconcile the social expectations surrounding femininity with athleticism? Twenty-one female college athletes participated in focus group interviews about body image and perceptions of muscularity and femininity. Data analysis resulted in 3 higher order themes: the influence of hegemonic femininity, athlete as other, and physicality. These athletes expressed that being feminine contrasted with being athletic. They further conveyed that as athletes, they were marginalized and perceived as different from “normal” women. Yet, they also were proud of their strong, developed bodies and expressed feelings of empowerment that generalized beyond the sport context. 相似文献
184.
Shannon Hodges 《Journal of Adult Development》2002,9(2):109-115
The author explores the relationship between spirituality and religion and human growth and development, specifically examining emotional well-being during adulthood. Dimensions of spirituality to be explored are meaning in life, a transcendent purpose, intrinsic values, and spiritual community. The argument is made that spirituality is related to emotional well-being during adulthood. Implications for further research and relevant information for counselors, psychologists, and educators are included. 相似文献
185.
Shannon Vallor 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2009,8(1):1-15
Dennett’s recent defense in this journal of the heterophenomenological method and its supposed advantages over Husserlian
phenomenology is premised on his problematic account of the epistemological and ontological status of phenomenological states.
By employing Husserl’s philosophy of science to clarify the relationship between phenomenology and evidence and the implications
of this relationship for the empirical identification of ‘real’ conscious states, I argue that the naturalistic account of
consciousness Dennett hopes for could be authoritative as a science only by virtue of the very phenomenological evidences
Dennett’s method consigns to the realm of fiction. Thus heterophenomenology, qua scientific method, is incoherent.
相似文献
Shannon VallorEmail: |
186.
Linda A. Robertson Heather L. Smith Shannon L. Ray K. Dayle Jones 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2009,87(3):373-379
The experience of chronic pain is largely influenced by core schemas and cognitive processes, including those that are religious in nature. When these schemas are negative, they contribute to the exacerbation of pain and related problems. A framework is presented for the identification of problematic religious schemas and their modification through cognitive behavior strategies. 相似文献
187.
Shannon G. Taylor Donald H. Kluemper Kerry S. Sauley 《Journal of business and psychology》2009,24(3):299-314
Purpose Past research has shown little support for direct relationships between equity sensitivity and various equity-relevant criteria.
Recent work by Davison and Bing (J Manag Issues 20: 131–150, 2008) suggests that equity sensitivity consists of separate input-
and outcome-focus dimensions and that these dimensions are associated with such criteria in an interactive fashion. The current
study extends this research by theoretically strengthening and empirically testing their two-dimensional model.
Design/methodology/approach We surveyed adults who were working at least 30 h a week at three time periods to temporally separate measurement of predictors
and criteria (n = 172).
Findings Results provide support for the two-dimensional model. Input and outcome focus interacted to explain variance in individuals’
satisfaction and self-reported job performance even after controlling for demographic characteristics, personality, and social
desirability. By contrast, the original ESI only significantly predicted one of 10 dependent variables.
Implications Whereas a ratio has been historically used as the basis for evaluating equity, employing independent dimensions and investigating
their interaction seems more appropriate to assess individuals’ equity sensitivity. The current study suggests a multidimensional
measure of equity sensitivity may better reflect the original theoretical underpinnings of the construct.
Originality/value The current study enhances our understanding of equity theory in general, and equity sensitivity in particular, by drawing
attention to the multidimensional nature of the equity sensitivity construct. In particular, it extends the work of Davison
and Bing (J Manag Issues 20: 131–150, 2008) by revisiting Huseman et al.’s (Acad Manag Rev 12: 222–234, 1987) original conceptualization
of equity sensitivity. In doing so, we broaden its utility as a potential unique predictor of organizationally relevant criteria. 相似文献
188.
John Schopler Chester A. Insko David Currey Shannon Smith Donna Brazil Toija Riggins Lowell Gaertner Shelley Kilpatrick 《Motivation and emotion》1994,18(4):301-315
Interindividual-intergroup discontinuity is the tendency, in mixed-motive situations, for groups to interact more competitively,
or less cooperatively, than individuals, even though mutual competition yields worse results that mutual cooperation. The
present laboratory experiment attempted to assess whether the discontinuity effect could be reduced by the establishment of
an intergroup cooperative tradition. Cooperation between intact pairs of groups was induced by placing in each group confederates
who successfully convinced their fellow group members of the long-term advantage of trust and cooperation. On subsequent blocks
of trails, the confederate was replaced by an actual subject, and then each of the original subjects was replaced so as to
simulate generational turnover. By the time all initial members were replaced, their level of cooperation had eroded to the
level of groups never experiencing mutual cooperation. The results are discussed in the context of other means of reducing
discontinuity.
This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants (BNS-9007414 and SBR-9408760) to John Schopler and Chester
A. Insko. 相似文献
189.
Directed rehearsal was used to improve the teaching skills of six preservice elementary physical education teachers during a teaching practicum. The teaching skills lesson introduction, lesson closure, task presentation, and general and specific subject-matter feedback were assessed using a multiple baseline design across behaviors for each teacher. Social validity, in the form of the acceptability of directed rehearsal as a teacher training intervention, was also assessed using a questionnaire. Directed rehearsal was effective in improving the teaching skills of the teachers to either 100% correct implementation or, in the case of subject-matter feedback, to an established rate. In addition, the intervention was acceptable to the teachers and the practicum instructor. These results extend both the error correction and the research on teacher education literatures. 相似文献
190.