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931.
Conley SN 《Science and engineering ethics》2011,17(4):715-721
This commentary builds on Haico te Kulve and Arie Rip’s (2011) notion of “engagement agents,” individuals that must be able to move between multiple dimensions, or “levels” of research,
innovation, and policy processes. The commentary compares and contrasts the role of the engagement agent within the Constructive
Technology Assessment and integration approaches, and suggests that on-site integration research represents one way to transform
both social and natural scientists into competent and informed “engagement agents,” a new generation of researchers that possess
the knowledge and capacities to forge “novel linkages” between the oftentimes disparate terrains of science, politics, and
policy. 相似文献
932.
Heidi?A.?WaymentEmail author Bill?Wiist Bruce?M.?Sullivan Meghan?A.?Warren 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(4):575-589
We examined the relationship between meditation experience, psychological mindfulness, quiet ego characteristics, and self-reported
physical health in a diverse sample of adults with a range of Buddhist experience (N = 117) gathered from a web-based survey administered to Buddhist practitioners around the world between August 1, 2007 and
January 31, 2008. Practicing meditation on a regular basis and greater experience with Buddhism was related to higher psychological
mindfulness scores. Psychological mindfulness was correlated with a latent variable called “quiet ego characteristics” that
reflected measures based on Bauer and Wayment’s (Transcending self-interest: psychological explorations of the quiet ego.
American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, pp 7–19, 2008) conceptual and multidimensional definition of a “quiet ego”: wisdom, altruism, sense of interdependence with all living
things, need for structure (reversed), anger/verbal aggression (reversed), and negative affectivity (reversed). In turn, quiet
ego characteristics were positively related to self-reported health. Our findings provide continuing support for the key role
psychological mindfulness may play in psychological and physical well-being. 相似文献
933.
Kundey SM De los Reyes A Royer E Molina S Monnier B German R Coshun A 《Animal cognition》2011,14(2):291-302
Humans frequently interact with strangers absent prior direct experience with their behavior. Some conjecture that this may
have favored evolution of a cognitive system within the hominoid clade or perhaps the primate order to assign reputations
based on third-party exchanges. However, non-primate species’ acquisition of skills from experienced individuals, attention
to communicative cues, and propensity to infer social rules suggests reputation inference may be more widespread. We utilized
dogs’ sensitivity to humans’ social and communicative cues to explore whether dogs evidenced reputation-like inference for
strangers through third-party interactions. Results indicated dogs spontaneously show reputation-like inference for strangers
from indirect exchanges. Further manipulations revealed that dogs continued to evidence this ability despite reduction of
specific components of the observed interactions, including reduction of visual social cues (i.e., face-to-face contact between
the participants in the interaction) and the nature of the recipient (i.e., living, animate agent versus living, inanimate
self-propelled agent). Dogs also continued to demonstrate reputation-like inference when local enhancement was controlled
and in a begging paradigm. However, dogs did not evidence reputation-like inference when the observed interaction was inadvertent. 相似文献
934.
935.
Foster PS Yung RC Branch KK Stringer K Ferguson BJ Sullivan W Drago V 《Brain and cognition》2011,77(2):265-270
The dopaminergic system is implicated in depressive disorders and research has also shown that dopamine constricts lexical/semantic networks by reducing spreading activation. Hence, depression, which is linked to reductions of dopamine, may be associated with increased spreading activation. However, research has generally found no effects of depression on spreading activation, using semantic priming paradigms. We used a different paradigm to investigate the relationship between depression and spreading activation, one based on word frequencies. Our sample included 97 undergraduates who completed the BDI-II and the Controlled Oral Word Association test as well as the Animal Naming test. The results indicated that the group scoring within the depressed ranged evidenced greater spreading activation as compared to those who scored within the normal range on the BDI-II. The implications of these results as they relate to creativity in depression is discussed. 相似文献
936.
Shannon H. Rogers John M. Halstead Kevin H. Gardner Cynthia H. Carlson 《Applied research in quality of life》2011,6(2):201-213
Walkability has been linked to quality of life in many ways. Health related benefits of physical exercise, the accessibility
and access benefits of being able to walk to obtain some of your daily needs, or the mental health and social benefits of
reduced isolation are a few of the many positive impacts on quality of life that can result from a walkable neighborhood.
In the age of increasing energy costs and climate considerations, the ability to walk to important locations is a key component
of sustainable communities. While the health and environmental implications of walkable communities are being extensively
studied, the social benefits have not been investigated as broadly. Social capital is a measure of an individual’s or group’s
networks, personal connections, and involvement. Like economic and human capital, social capital is considered to have important
values to both individuals and communities. Through a case study approach this article argues that the generation and maintenance
of social capital is another important component of quality of life that may be facilitated by living in a walkable community.
Residents living in neighborhoods of varying built form and thus varying levels of walkability in three communities in New
Hampshire were surveyed about their levels of social capital and travel behaviors. Comparisons between the more walkable and
less walkable neighborhoods show that levels of social capital are higher in more walkable neighborhoods. 相似文献
937.
This study investigated various theoretically relevant correlates of a short form of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996) using archival data from large undergraduate, foster care, and juvenile offender samples. External correlates of the 2 primary scales (PPI-I and PPI-II) and the Coldheartedness subscale were for the most part consistent with prior findings. Analyses for an alternate factor model in which the Fearlessness subscale loaded onto PPI-II (rather than PPI-I) resulted in relatively few substantial changes to the pattern of correlations with criterion measures, but a third factor that included the Coldheartedness and Carefree Nonplanfulness subscales functioned differently than Coldheartedness alone in these data. 相似文献
938.
Christopher R. Erbes Paul A. Arbisi Shannon M. Kehle Amanda G. Ferrier-Auerbach Robin A. Barry Melissa A. Polusny 《Journal of research in personality》2011,45(5):508-512
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to investigate the distinctiveness of hardiness (using the Short Hardiness Scale; Bartone, 1995) from the broader personality traits of negative emotionality and positive emotionality (NEM and PEM; assessed with items from the MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales); in a sample of 981 Army National Guard soldiers. Exploratory factor analyses demonstrated that hardiness items loaded on a separate factor from PEM and NEM items, and confirmatory factor analysis suggested that hardiness is not simply a sub-facet of either PEM or NEM. However, subsequent regression analyses found that hardiness did not predict symptoms of PTSD or depression beyond the effects of PEM and NEM among combat exposed soldiers. 相似文献
939.
Hourigan SE Goodman KL Southam-Gerow MA 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2011,110(2):198-212
The ability to regulate one’s emotions effectively has been linked with many aspects of well-being. The current study examined discrepancies between mothers’ and children’s reports of child emotion regulation. This investigation examined patterns of discrepancies for key aspects of emotion regulation (i.e., inhibition and dysregulated expression) and for three emotions (anger, sadness, worry). A total of 61 mother-child dyads (mean children’s age = 9.3 years) participated. As hypothesized, discrepancies for inhibition subscales were of a larger magnitude than those for dysregulated expression subscales. Furthermore, age was related to discrepancies in both anger subscales, parent reports of child externalizing symptoms were related to anger dysregulated expression discrepancies, and child reports of internalizing symptoms were related to sadness dysregulated expression discrepancies. Overall, the findings suggest that patterns of discrepant reports are not random but rather may provide meaningful and useful information about the nature of emotion regulation. 相似文献
940.
Kantak SS Sullivan KJ Fisher BE Knowlton BJ Winstein CJ 《Journal of motor behavior》2011,43(6):499-507
The authors investigated how brain activity during motor-memory consolidation contributes to transfer of learning to novel versions of a motor skill following distinct practice structures. They used 1 Hz repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) immediately after constant or variable practice of an arm movement skill to interfere with primary motor cortex (M1) or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The effect of interference was assessed through skill performance on two transfer targets: one within and one outside the range of practiced movement parameters for the variable practice group. For the control (no rTMS) group, variable practice benefited delayed transfer performance more than constant practice. The rTMS effect on delayed transfer performance differed for the two transfer targets. For the within-range target, rTMS interference had no significant affect on the delayed transfer after either practice structure. However, for the outside-range target, rTMS interference to DLPFC but not M1 attenuated delayed transfer benefit following variable practice. Additionally, for the outside-range target, rTMS interference to M1 but not DLPFC attenuated delayed transfer following constant practice. This suggests that variable practice may promote reliance on DLPFC for memory consolidation associated with outside-range transfer of learning, whereas constant practice may promote reliance on M1 for consolidation and long-term transfer. 相似文献