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231.
R M Sullivan P G Henke A Ray M A Hebert J M Trimper 《Behavioral and neural biology》1989,51(2):262-269
The effects of bilateral microinjections of chlordiazepoxide and GABA into the central amygdalar nucleus on gastric ulcer formation induced by cold-restraint were examined in chronically implanted Wistar rats. Higher doses of chlordiazepoxide (20 and 30 micrograms/amygdala) significantly reduced stress ulcer development, whereas a lower dose (2.5 micrograms) produced a nonsignificant increase in ulcer severity. A similar dose/response pattern was observed following GABA administration. The benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro15-1788, applied to the amygdala, abolished the protective effects of both chlordiazepoxide and GABA. In addition, when Ro15-1788 (10 micrograms) was injected into the amygdala by itself, it aggravated the gastric stress pathology. However, a lower dose (5 micrograms) had an attenuating effect, opposite to the pattern of effects produced by chlordiazepoxide and GABA. The role of the amygdalar GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex in stressful conditions is discussed. 相似文献
232.
233.
There is an extensive literature documenting that people with schizophrenia have marked impairments in social role functioning and social skill. One of the most widely employed strategies for assessing social skill has been role-play tests: simulated social interactions that are videotaped for subsequent behavioral coding. There has been considerable discussion of the validity of the approach in the literature, but there has not been adequate consideration of other psychometric characteristics of role-play tests. This paper examines the psychometric characteristics of a representative role-play measure: the Maryland Assessment of Social Competence (MASC). Data from 5 large schizophrenia studies that included the MASC were examined: a study of victimization in women who abuse drugs, a study of health care among people with diabetes, a study of vocational outcomes, a study of social skill among drug abusers, and a clinical trial comparing two antipsychotic medications. Data were examined in terms of five questions: (1) Can role-play scenes be rated reliably? (2) How are role-play ratings distributed across populations? (3) How many and which behaviors should be rated? (4) How many role-play scenes are required? (5) Is role-play behavior temporally stable? Overall, the data suggest that the MASC, and by implication other similar role-play procedures, does have good psychometric properties. However, several things often taken for granted in the literature warrant careful consideration in the design of research using role-play. Implications of the results for design of research are discussed. 相似文献
234.
Triads of unacquainted college students interacted in 1 of 5 experimental conditions that manipulated information quantity (amount of information) and information quality (relevance of information to personality), and they then made judgments of each others' personalities. To determine accuracy, the authors compared the ratings of each judge to a broad-based accuracy criterion composed of personality ratings from 3 types of knowledgeable informants (the self, real-life acquaintances, and clinician-interviewers). Results supported the hypothesis that information quantity and quality would be positively related to objective knowledge about the targets and realistic accuracy. Interjudge consensus and self-other agreement followed a similar pattern. These findings are consistent with expectations based on models of the process of accurate judgment (D. C. Funder, 1995, 1999) and consensus (D. A. Kenny, 1994). 相似文献
235.
Skov-Rackette SI Miller NY Shettleworth SJ 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2006,32(4):345-358
The authors report a novel approach to testing episodic-like memory for single events. Pigeons were trained in separate sessions to match the identity of a sample on a touch screen, to match its location, and to report on the length of the retention interval. When these 3 tasks were mixed randomly within sessions, birds were more than 80% correct on each task. However, performance on 2 different tests in succession after each sample was not consistent with an integrated memory for sample location, time, and identity. Experiment 2 tested binding of location and identity memories in 2 different ways. The results were again consistent with independent feature memories. Implications for tests of episodic-like memory are discussed. 相似文献
236.
To assess whether the Group Environment Questionnaire is applicable to athletes in co-acting sports such as track and field, the factor structure of the Group Environment Questionnaire among a heterogeneous sample of 199 co-acting team sport athletes was investigated. A confirmatory factor analysis did not support the hypothesized four-factor model. A subsequent exploratory factor analysis yielded two independent factors that had no interpretable pattern of the four Group Environment Questionnaire factors within them. While this finding requires replication and confirmation, the four-factor model of the Group Environment Questionnaire does not appear to be as valid for co-acting sports as for interacting sports. 相似文献
237.
Wiener RL Richmond TL Seib HM Rauch SM Hackney AA 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2002,20(1-2):119-139
According to the story model of Pennington and Hastie, jurors collect information at trial and modify it with general knowledge to create case stories. Schank and Ableson argue that human memory is organized to tell and understand stories. However, Finkel and Groscup questioned the use of manipulated, experimenter-constructed narratives to demonstrate the existence of multiple prototypical crime stories. We interviewed 76 jury eligible, death qualified citizens and asked them to imagine a first-degree murder scenario, describing the events that led to the killing. We coded the presence of dichotomous variables in the resulting stories and identified at least three shared story prototypes using cluster and profile analysis. We conclude that people do not store crime stories as simple prototypes and comment on the implications of this finding for legal decision-making. 相似文献
238.
Several recent reports suggest that the behavioral and cortical specificity of face processing may be influenced by experience.
To test this hypothesis, behavioral and electrophysiological data were recorded from adults in response to human and monkey
faces differing in familiarity and orientation. An analysis of event-related potential and behavioral data revealed differentiation
across species, familiarity, and orientation. Behavioral measures were correlated with amplitude and latency measures for
each factor of interest. These analyses revealed that accuracy was positively related to the amplitude of the vertex positive
potential in the human face task but not in the monkey face task. These findings suggest that previous experience with different
categories of faces modulates the link between behavioral and electrophysiological measures of face processing. 相似文献
239.
240.
T A Shannon 《Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal》2001,11(3):285-303
The topic of organ transplantation is examined from the perspective of three authors: Robert Bellah, Jeremy Rifkin, and Margaret Jane Radin. Introduced by reflections on the development of the justification of organ transplantation within the Roman Catholic community and the various themes raised by the historical study in Richard Titmuss's The Gift Relationship, the paper examines how and in what ways the possible commodification of organs will affect our society and the impacts this may have on the supply of organs. 相似文献