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421.
422.
Shannon TA 《Theological studies》1999,60(1):111-123
The first section of the Notes on Moral Theology reviews ethical issues in genetics through the lenses of privacy-confidentiality; risk-benefit analysis in relation to prenatal diagnosis and gene therapy; and freedom-determinism/human dignity in the context of cloning. The author provides an overview of developments in genetics and highlights thematic issues common to these developments. 相似文献
423.
Two experiments are reported that test the general hypothesis that learning from a small scale map proceeds in a global to local fashion, structured by the spatial subdivisions present in the map. In Experiment 1, a fairly simple map depicting a single fictitious country containing provinces and cities was used as the to-be-learned stimulus. Evidence for a provincial to capital to city learning process was found, with map recall best when subjects used an imagery learning strategy. In Experiment 2, a more complex map containing multiple countries, with provincial and city elements present was used. The global to local learning process was replicated, as well as the beneficial effects of an imagery study strategy. Results are discussed in terms of progressive image differentiation and total information set size. 相似文献
424.
Patricia R. Delucia Shannon Pace Longmire Jessica Kennish 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1994,55(3):287-295
Diamond-winged variants of the Müller-Lyer figure were used to test predictions of Virsu’s (1971) theory of the Müller-Lyer illusion based on efferent readiness for eye movements toward the figure’s center of gravity, A Müller-Lyer figure with diamond-shaped wings resulted in a greater center-of-gravity distance than the corresponding, conventional Müller-Lyer figure, but fin length and the rest of the figure remained constant; in Virsu’s study, fin length and center-of-gravity distance covaried. Results were consistent with Virsu’s data when we used the stimulus conditions that he reported. Results from a wider range of stimuli challenge Virsu’s theory, and thus are consistent with the conclusions of Brigell, Uhlarik, and Goldhorn (1977). 相似文献
425.
Many youth placed in out of home care have serious anger and aggression problems. These youth create much administrative and staff frustration. This frustration can cause program administrators to look to new treatment modalities whether inside or outside of their specific milieu for the therapeutic solutions to these problems. This randomized control group study provides an example of the importance of experimental program evaluation when an applied setting begins a drift towards the use of new treatment modalities. The results showed that both treatment and control groups improved over time but that there was no differences between groups in the daily number of angry incidents, the number of youth negatively terminated from the program, or self-report of state-trait anger expression. The results also suggest that without this research the noneffective intervention would have continued to be funded and given causative status for the observed improvements in referred youth behavior into the foreseeable future. Moreover, the development of these types of superstitious beliefs may lead child care organizations to spend scarce dollars on expensive treatments that do not increase the efficacy of the treatment as usual. Thus, this study shows that there are potential economic and treatment efficacy reasons for the use of experimental program evaluation when new treatments are implemented. 相似文献
426.
D. J. K. Mewhort Elizabeth E. Johns Shannon Coble 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1991,50(3):258-266
In studies of iconic memory using the bar-probe task, subjects see a brief display of target letters and are probed by an arrow to report one of them. According to the classic early-selection account, subjects use the probe to select material for perceptual analysis from a precategorical (iconic) memory, but according to late-selection theories, subjects first identify the letters and then use the probe to select one letter for report from the set of categorized items. Pashler (1984) based his test for the locus of selection on a manipulation of display quality in previewed displays. He presented a target for 200 msec and then added a probe, together with the target, for an additional 150 msec. Reducing the target’s stimulus quality increased response latency. If the subjects identified the characters before the probe appeared and then selected an item for report, the clarity of the original array should not have affected response latency. Hence, Pashler concluded that his subjects used the probe to select from a precategorical store (early selection). Pashler’s experiment did not force subjects to rely on memory of the target; hence, although his experiment documented a situation in which subjects used early selection, it did not rule out late selection in studies of information persistence. We replicated Pashler’s findings and, using his logic, showed that when subjects are forced to rely on memory of the target, they select from a categorized store. 相似文献
427.
Lisa P. Armistead Heather Clark C. Nekol Barber Shannon Dorsey Jennifer Hughley Marcia Favors Sarah C. Wyckoff 《Journal of child and family studies》2004,13(1):67-80
We present a discussion of the literature addressing retention of ethnic minority samples in longitudinal studies. In addition, we describe the retention procedures implemented in the Parents Matter! Program (PMP), a community-based sexual risk reduction intervention for African American families. Finally, the results of PMP's retention strategies are presented. 相似文献
428.
Mark R. Dixon John Guercio Terry Falcomata Molly J. Horner Shannon Root Catherine Newell Kimberly Zlomke 《Behavioral Interventions》2004,19(2):91-102
Functional analyses were conducted on four adults with acquired brain injuries who regularly displayed instances of inappropriate verbal behavior including depressive, aggressive, suicidal, profane, and sexually inappropriate utterances. After the functional analysis yielded a maintaining variable for each participant, a function‐based intervention consisting of differential reinforcement of alternative verbal behavior was implemented. Results of the behavioral interventions show that instances of vocal behavior can be assessed and subsequently treated using the functional analysis methodology often reserved for nonverbal forms of behavior. The utility of functional analysis for assessing complex human behavior is discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
429.
David M. Kaplan Perry C. Francis Mary A. Hermann Jeannette V. Baca Gary E. Goodnough Shannon Hodges Shawn L. Spurgeon Michelle E. Wade 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2017,95(1):110-120
The 2014 revision of the ACA Code of Ethics (American Counseling Association [ACA], 2014 ) substantially raises the bar for the ethical practice of professional counselors. This article provides interviews with members of the ACA Ethics Revision Task Force that explore and clarify new imperatives in the areas of ethical decision making, professional values, managing and maintaining boundaries, technology (including social media), the nonimposition of counselor personal values, counselor education, legal issues, sliding scales, and fee splitting. 相似文献
430.
Cynthia C. Flores Mary B. Hargis Shannon McGillivray Michael C. Friedman 《Memory (Hove, England)》2017,25(4):565-573
Ageing typically leads to various memory deficits which results in older adults’ tendency to remember more general information and rely on gist memory. The current study examined if younger and older adults could remember which of two comparable grocery items (e.g., two similar but different jams) was paired with a lower price (the “better buy”). Participants studied lists of grocery items and their prices, in which the two items in each category were presented consecutively (Experiment 1), or separated by intervening items (Experiment 2). At test, participants were asked to identify the “better buy” and recall the price of both items. There were negligible age-related differences for the “better buy” in Experiment 1, but age-related differences were present in Experiment 2 when there were greater memory demands involved in comparing the two items. Together, these findings suggest that when price information of two items can be evaluated and compared within a short period of time, older adults can form stable gist-based memory for prices, but that this is impaired with longer delays. We relate the findings to age-related changes in the use of gist and verbatim memory when remembering prices, as well as the associative deficit account of cognitive ageing. 相似文献