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141.
Artemy Magun 《Studies in East European Thought》2018,70(2-3):141-152
Lenin’s State and Revolution is not only a project for imminent revolutionary policy and not only a legitimization argument for a revolutionary dictatorship, but also a theory of state and theory of democracy. Lenin points at the reduplication of state organs that is inherent in a democratic state. While the Russian revolutionary thinks of this reduplication as something transitory, we today increasingly see it as a durable condition coterminous with the late-modern democratic state. I use Lenin’s treatise as a point of inspiration to briefly characterize my dialectical theory of state. 相似文献
142.
143.
Stewart RE Stirman SW Chambless DL 《Professional psychology, research and practice》2012,43(2):100-109
This article presents the results of a qualitative analysis of interviews with 25 psychologists in independent practice, investigating everyday treatment decisions and attitudes about treatment outcome research and empirically supported treatments (ESTs). Clinicians noted positive aspects about treatment outcome research, such as being interested in what works. However, they had misgivings about the application of controlled research findings to their practices, were skeptical about using manualized protocols, and expressed concern that nonpsychologists would use EST lists to dictate practice. Clinicians reported practicing in an eclectic framework, and many reported including cognitive-behavioral elements in their practice. To improve their practice, they reported valuing clinical experience, peer networks, practitioner-oriented books, and continuing education when it was not too basic. Time and financial barriers concerned nearly all participants. Clinicians suggested they might be interested in ESTs if they could integrate them into their current frameworks, and if resources for learning ESTs were improved. 相似文献
144.
Gordon L. Flett Abby L. Goldstein Paul L. Hewitt Christine Wekerle 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2012,31(1):49-64
The current study examined the extent to which an expanded self-punitiveness model could be applied to deliberate self-harm
(DSH) among students making the transition to university. Specific components of the self-punitiveness model included perfectionism,
overgeneralization, self-criticism, and shame. A sample of 319 university students completed a measure of deliberate self-harm
as well as two multidimensional perfectionism measures and measures of self-criticism, overgeneralization, and shame. Correlational
analyses found few significant associations among deliberate self-harm and the self-punitiveness factors among men. In contrast,
among women, deliberate self-harm was associated with dimensions of trait perfectionism such as parental criticism and socially
prescribed perfectionism, as well as with overgeneralization, self-criticism, and both characterological shame and bodily
shame with the strongest associations found with shame. Supplementary analyses found a strong link between overgeneralization
and shame and an association between self-criticism and shame among women. The results support the contention that particularly
among young women making the transition to university, deliberate self-harm behavior is a reflection of a self-punitive personality
orientation with multiple facets and a sense of shame associated with an overgeneralized sense of failing to meet social expectations. 相似文献
145.
Must readers intend to process a word to activate various levels of representation, or is such processing simply triggered by the presentation of a word (i.e., is it “automatic”)? This issue was addressed via the use of Besner and Care’s Task Set paradigm. On each trial a cue, which indicated which of two tasks to perform appeared either before the target, or at the same time as the target. If subjects can process the target while preparing a task set, then the effect of a manipulated psycholinguistic factor should be absorbed into the time taken to process the cue. Despite robust main effects of SOA and word frequency there was no interaction between these factors when the task was to read aloud. This result implies that target processing is delayed until the subject knows what task to perform, and therefore that intention plays an important role when reading words aloud. 相似文献
146.
The field of genetic counseling faces a broad challenge: many potential clients may not be aware of the value and benefit
of genetic counseling services, and therefore may not utilize those services. Navigenics is a personal genomic testing company
that provides telephonic genetic counseling services for multifactorial diseases and pharmacogenetics. When first offered
in 2008, utilization of the Navigenics genetic counseling service was less than expected. To explore the basis for under-utilization
and potential mechanisms for increasing uptake, Navigenics initiated a quality improvement study, in which three different
methods of engaging clients in the uptake of genetic counseling services were assessed over the course of 1 year. Outcomes
showed significant differences in uptake rates between methodologies (7.5%, 24.6%, and 60.1%), yielding an 8-fold increase
in service utilization when post-test telephonic outreach to all clients was performed. Further, utilization spanned all risk
levels based on client results, evidence that not only clients with high-risk results were motivated to engage in the genetic
counseling service. This research indicates that implementing strategies to educate clients about genetic counseling can positively
impact client engagement and utilization of available services. 相似文献
147.
Langford AT Resnicow K Roberts JS Zikmund-Fisher BJ 《Journal of genetic counseling》2012,21(3):440-447
To examine the association of 1) race/ethnicity and 2) numeracy with awareness of DTC genetic tests. Secondary analysis of
6,754 Hispanic, black, and white adult respondents to the National Cancer Institute’s 2007 Health Information National Trends
Survey (HINTS). Logistic regression was used to examine sociodemographic predictors of DTC genetic tests awareness including
race/ethnicity, income, education, and gender. Next, two numeracy variables were added to the model. After controlling for
sociodemographic variables, black respondents were significantly less likely to have heard of DTC genetic tests compared to
white respondents (OR = 0.79; CI: 0.65–0.97). When numeracy variables were added to the model, the effect of black race was
no longer significant (OR = 0.84; CI: 0.69–1.04). Hispanic respondents did not significantly differ from white respondents
in awareness of DTC genetic tests. Other significant correlates of DTC genetic tests awareness in the full model included
education, income, age, and numeracy variables including degree to which people use medical statistics and numbers to make
health decisions, and preference for words or numbers when discussing “the chance of something happening.” Although black
respondents were generally less aware of DTC genetic tests than white respondents, this relationship appears to be partially
mediated by numeracy. 相似文献
148.
Technological advances and information-seeking consumers have pushed forward the movement of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic
testing. Just like with other types of testing, there are potential risks, benefits and limitations. A major limitation of
DTC testing is the incomplete view it provides regarding lifetime risk for common, complex diseases, since most tests only
analyze 1–2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and do not include evaluation of medical or family histories, which is
necessary to risk assessment. Further, it is not currently well-established whether personal genomic testing results will
lead toward improved health behaviors, adverse psychological effects or potential overuse of the health care system. To display
these and other issues, we present an in-depth case study of an individual who ordered DTC genetic testing and subsequently
sought genetic counseling. This case presents a unique learning experience for the field of genomic counseling, as the patient
did not fit the typical assumptions regarding ‘early adopters’ of DTC testing. It also allowed the genetics health care providers
involved in the case to identify gaps in current genetic counseling practice that need to be filled and approaches to employ
for successful delivery of genomic counseling. Based on our experience, we developed practical recommendations for genomic
counseling, which include novel approaches to case preparation, use of electronic tools during the counseling session, and
focusing on education as the major component of the genomic counseling session, in order to provide patients with the knowledge
necessary to independently interpret and understand large amounts of genomic testing information provided to them. 相似文献
149.
Shannon Dorsey Barbara J. Burns Dannia G. Southerland Julia Revillion Cox H. Ryan Wagner Elizabeth M. Z. Farmer 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(5):816-824
Very little research has focused on rates of trauma exposure for youth in treatment foster care (TFC). Available research has utilized record review for assessing exposure, which presents limitations for the range of trauma types examined, as records are predominantly focused on abuse and neglect. The current study examines exposure rates and association with emotional and behavioral outcomes for 229 youth in 46 TFC agencies. The youth in this study had exceptionally high rates of trauma exposure by foster parent report, similar to youth in traditional foster care, with nearly half of the sample exposed to four or more types of traumatic events. A composite child abuse and neglect exposure variable was associated with child and adolescent emotional and behavioral outcomes. Implications for services provided as part of TFC are discussed. 相似文献
150.
Shannon Self-Brown Jessica R. Valente Robert C. Wild Daniel J. Whitaker Rachel Galanter Shannon Dorsey Jenelle Stanley 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(6):1041-1049
Benchmarking is a program evaluation approach that can be used to study whether the outcomes of parents/children who participate in an evidence-based program in the community approximate the outcomes found in randomized trials. This paper presents a case illustration using benchmarking methodology to examine a community implementation of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (CI-PCIT) utilized as a child maltreatment prevention effort. Data were collected from 83 parent–child dyads. Change scores were compared to treatment and control effect sizes aggregated from the PCIT literature. Pre-post results indicated significant positive changes in child behavior for CI-PCIT completers. Benchmarking analyses revealed that parents who completed CI-PCIT reported significantly greater positive child outcomes than the aggregate control group benchmark, and significantly less than observed in the treatment benchmark. A summary of decision points and implications for utilizing this methodology in the child maltreatment field are postulated. 相似文献