Cooperation in Asymmetric Social Dilemmas When Equality Is Perceived as Unfair1

Three experiments examined the hypothesis that in an asymmetric social dilemma, perceived fairness of the distribution promotes cooperation. In support of the hypothesis, Studies 1 and 2 showed that willingness to voluntarily and anonymously pay for child care was related to ratings of perceived fairness of equal and equitable distributions of the quality of child care when it was a public good (provided by the municipality) or a market good (provided by a private business). Study 1 also showed that an equal distribution of the public good was perceived to be fairer than an equal distribution of the market good, whereas the reverse was true for an equitable distribution. Study 2 showed that when quality differences were explicit, an equitable distribution was perceived as fairer than an equal distribution. Study 3 showed that an equitable distribution of quantity of child care was perceived to be fairer and increased willingness to pay as compared to an equal distribution.     

6—12岁儿童脑波超慢功率涨落分布及发展特点

对172名6-12岁的正常儿童进行脑波超慢功率涨落特点的研究。结果表明：(1)各组优势涨落平均功率空间分布表现出额低枕高的前后梯度;(2)随着年龄的增加,不同的脑区其发展趋势是不同的,且逆转现象逐渐减少;(3)左右脑表现出左小右大的不对称性;(4)男女生脑波优势涨落功率的空间分布、逆转趋势、方位等有差异。上述结果说明,脑波超慢功率涨落与儿童的成熟过程及功能状态有密切关系。     

Neural underpinnings of the relationships between sensation seeking and emotion regulation in adolescents

There is little neurological evidence linking sensation seeking and emotion regulation in adolescence, which is characterised as an emotionally fluctuant period. The present study examined the relationship between sensation seeking and emotion regulation in adolescents. Electroencephalograms were recorded from 22 high sensation-seeking adolescents (HSSs, M_age = 12.36) and 24 low sensation-seeking adolescents (LSSs, M_age = 12.84) during the reactivity and regulation-image task. Group differences in event-related brain potentials (ERPs) associated with the regulation of negative and neutral stimuli were analysed. The results showed that (a) the P2 of HSSs were larger than LSSs during emotion regulation; (b) in down-regulation conditions, the LPP in all time windows were smaller than no-regulation in LSSs. However, there was no significant difference in HSSs; (c) the LPP 300–600 and LPP 1000–1500 of down-regulation were smaller in LSSs than HSSs; (d) for LPP 600–1000, HSSs induced larger LPP than LSSs in the negative down-regulation and negative no-regulation conditions. The results provide neurological evidence that higher sensation seeking is related to the high reactivity to emotional stimuli and poor cognitive control during the regulation of emotions.     

康有为、梁漱溟的儒佛观与人类终极存在之想象

康有为、梁漱溟是晚清民国推动传统儒学转化创新的重要代表性人物。梁漱溟对康有为的学问与为人都极其反感,但是客观来看,两人有不少相似性:性格上两人都是狂者型思想家,大乘佛教的思想对两人都有极深的影响,但是两人又都反对近代一度盛行的佛教救国论,认为儒学才是当前和今后相当长一段时间中国所需要的。他们都认为在比较遥远的未来即进入大同社会或共产主义社会之后就会迎来佛教大盛的时代。两位大儒一定意义上都以佛学为人类存在之终极归宿,确实有些吊诡和匪夷所思。梁漱溟终身茹素,晚年一再声称自己是佛教徒,他是本着大乘佛教的精神来阐发儒学的一些人生价值的。就对孔子儒学全面把握的广度、深度与推动儒学转化创新的贡献而言,康有为的历史影响要更大、更为深远。儒学是生生不息、与时俱进的,只要有人类存在,其普遍价值与永恒魅力将并三光而永光,康、梁以佛法为人类存在之归宿,只是想象。     

Parental Psychological Control,Social Capital,Substance Use,and Driving Under the Influence among College Students: Sex Differences

Journal of Child and Family Studies - With a sample of college students in emerging adulthood (age range: 18–25), the current study investigated sex differences in the impact of parental...     

从科学与人文关系看当代医学人文的实践逻辑

讨论医学人文及其实践问题,有必要从科学与人文一般关系上进行思考和认识。古希腊的科学即是人文,近代以来医学科学和技术进步对人文的遮蔽,并不意味着二者的彻底分离,人文始终构成近现代医学的本质属性。医学科学和技术进步并不直接导致医学人文的缺失,缺失的直接因素源于医学的社会实体化进程。医学人文实践形态表现为人文要真正走进临床,其根本是走进并扎根在医者的灵魂深处。医学人文走进临床,是人文与临床两大系统间的相互融合。

     

结核疫情面临的新问题

结核病是危害人类健康的最严重的传染病之一。20世纪上半叶,结核病疫情的控制收到了较好的效果,但是自2 0世纪80年代起,结核疫情再次抬头。WHO统计监测以及我国在1979、1984/1985、1990、2000年四次全国结核病流行病学抽样调查显示,结核疫情在全世界不容乐观,结核疫情的发展趋势应当引起医务工作者和社会各界人士的重视。     

主体间性视域下的医患主体可通达性初探

主体间性问题属于主体之间的关系问题,基于现象学主体间性理论框架探讨医患主体间性问题,是认识医患关系问题的新视角。医患主体间性问题的实质是主体之间的“可通达性”问题。主体间何以需要“通达”、是否能够“通达”以及如何实现“通达”,是需要理解和讨论的重点问题。主体间“可通达性”的实现,医患的“前理解”是医患沟通的主体间性起点和先验性基础,医患差异与矛盾是医患主体间性的重要表达形式,医学叙事是医患主体可通达性形成的重要通道,同时,医患主体的可通达性有赖于医学世界中多个主体视域的融合。

     

德国负责任科研及其对我国的启示

随着科学研究的逐步深入,科研不端丑闻在全球范围内频繁出现,并成为各国政府和社会的关注焦点。作为科学研究的重要阵地,德国联邦政府、科学研究机构、高等学校以及主流媒体就应如何负责任的科研、怎样构建科研诚信体系进行了讨论,并形成一系列科研诚信“行为准则”。这些准则的发布和实施在一定程度上推动了德国科学研究的健康发展。文章在剖析德国如何负责任科研的基础上,对我国科研诚信的发展进行了反思,并提出了可行性建议。