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41.
In the present study, 258 doctoral students working in the health, biological, and social sciences were asked to solve a series of field-relevant problems calling for creative thought. Proposed solutions to these problems were scored with respect to critical creative thinking skills such as problem definition, conceptual combination, and idea generation. Results indicated that health, biological, and social scientists differed with respect to their skill in executing various operations, or processes, involved in creative thought. Interestingly, no differences were observed as a function of the students' level of experience. The implications of these findings for understanding cross-field, and cross-experience level, differences in creative thought are discussed. 相似文献
42.
The current study investigated whether viewing X-rated movies, Internet access in the home, and gender of the participant would differ between age of first initiation for oral sex, age of first initiation for sexual intercourse, and number of sexual partners. An online sample of 437 participants with an average age of 29.46 participated in the study. Each participant completed a survey that assessed early sexual behaviors and Internet and X-rated material exposure. Results discovered males with Internet access during the ages of 12 to 17 reported significantly younger ages for first oral sex compared to males without Internet access. In addition, male and female participants with Internet access, between the ages 12 to 17, reported younger ages for first sexual intercourse compared to participants without Internet access. Study limitations and implications are discussed. 相似文献
43.
The American and Canadian standardization samples for the fourth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children were
used to ascertain the prevalence of “seemingly anomalous” Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) scores for all possible sums of scaled scores
combinations of the Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index, and Processing Speed Index.
About 1% of FSIQ scores in both samples were anomalous (that is, fell outside the range of the four indices). Interestingly,
the prevalence of anomalous scores was higher at the extremes of the FSIQ distribution. Moreover, anomalous FSIQ scores occurring
above or below the mean of the FSIQ distribution (that is, 100) were larger or smaller, respectively, than any of the four
indices. Furthermore, if the range of the four indices did contain the FSIQ (the non-anomalous case), when the FSIQ was below
or above 100 it tended to be located distally in the half-segment of the range furthest below or above 100, respectively.
A non-technical intuitive analogy from Olympic sports and a statistical explanation for the findings are provided. Important
implications for practitioners are also presented.
Portions of this paper were presented March 17, 2006 at the 20th annual Joseph R. Royce Research Conference, Department of
Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. 相似文献
44.
Dr Julie Ann Robinson Dylan James Alexander Michael Shane Gradisar 《Australian journal of psychology》2009,61(2):59-68
This study examined the influence of protective factors on psychological distress and sleep among Year 12 students 1 month prior to their externally assessed examinations. The sample included 195 Year 12 students who were to sit for at least one examination. Students completed the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire, a measure of subjective stress, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales – 21, and measures of sleep. A sizeable minority of students reported high levels of subjective stress, severe symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, and very inadequate sleep. Freedom from negative cognitions was the factor most strongly associated with protection from psychological distress. None of the factors protected against inadequate sleep. Results showed few gender differences. The findings validate popular concern about the wellbeing of Year 12 students. They also confirm that protective factors do not provide equal protection for all individuals against all adverse outcomes. 相似文献
45.
46.
Green SK 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2007,7(8):50-2; discussion W4-6
47.
48.
Shane S. DeLury 《Self and identity》2018,17(6):710-722
ABSTRACTThreats to self-esteem can impair well-being directly, e.g., via negative affect, but also indirectly, by impacting performance in valued domains. The present study examined whether self-compassion buffered individuals’ academic task performance from the effects of a self-esteem threat. In addition, this study tested possible effects of self-compassion on implicitly measured self-related thoughts. Participants (N = 333) were randomly assigned to self-esteem threat or neutral conditions, and then either a self-compassion manipulation or an expressive writing (control) condition before completing a set of GRE analogy items. Threat impaired GRE performance in the expressive writing control condition, but not in the self-compassion condition. Moreover, self-compassion appeared to marginally impact implicit non-evaluative self-thoughts, but did not affect evaluative thoughts or implicit self-esteem. The results of this study suggest that self-compassion has benefits for performance and thereby well-being. Future research should further explore the effects of self-compassion on performance and refine understanding of implicit thoughts as possible mechanisms. 相似文献
49.
Behavior may be automatically prompted by cues in our social environment. Previous research has focused on cognitive explanations for such effects. Here we hypothesize that affective processes are susceptible to similar automatic influences. We propose that exposure to groups stereotyped as dangerous or violent may provoke an anxiety response and, thus, a tendency to move away. In the present experiment, we subliminally exposed participants to images of such a group, and found that they displayed greater avoidance in a subsequent interaction. Critically, this effect was explained by their increased sensitivity to threat-related information. These findings demonstrate an affective mechanism responsible for nonconscious priming effects on interpersonal behavior. 相似文献
50.
Current controversy exists regarding the role of episodic representations in the formation of long-term semantic memories. Using the drug midazolam to induce temporary amnesia we tested participants' memories for newly learned facts in a semantic cue condition or an episodic and semantic cue condition. Following midazolam administration, memory performance was superior in the episodic and semantic condition, suggesting early semantic learning is supported by episodic representations. 相似文献