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221.
222.
Robert J. Ursano MD Ronald C. Kessler PhD Murray B. Stein MD MPH James A. Naifeh PhD Matthew K. Nock PhD Pablo A. Aliaga MS Carol S. Fullerton PhD Gary H. Wynn MD Tsz Hin Hinz Ng MPH Hieu M. Dinh BS Nancy A. Sampson BA Tzu‐Cheg Kao PhD Michael Schoenbaum PhD James E. McCarroll PhD MPH Kenneth L. Cox MD MPH Steven G. Heeringa PhD the Army STARRS collaborators 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2017,47(5):612-628
We used administrative data to examine predictors of medically documented suicide ideation (SI) among Regular Army soldiers from 2006 through 2009 (N = 10,466 ideators, 124,959 control person‐months). Enlisted ideators (97.8% of all cases) were more likely than controls to be female, younger, older when entering service, less educated, never or previously deployed, and have a recent mental health diagnosis. Officer ideators were more likely than controls to be female, younger, younger when entering service, never married, and have a recent mental health diagnosis. Risk among enlisted soldiers peaked in the second month of service and declined steadily, whereas risk among officers remained relatively stable over time. Risk of SI is highest among enlisted soldiers early in Army service, females, and those with a recent mental health diagnosis. 相似文献
223.
224.
Shane J. Ralston 《Human Studies》2010,33(1):65-84
During the 1960s and 1970s, institutionalists and behavioralists in the discipline of political science argued over the legitimacy
of the institutional approach to political inquiry. In the discipline of philosophy, a similar debate concerning institutions
has never taken place. Yet, a growing number of philosophers are now working out the institutional implications of political
ideas in what has become known as “non-ideal theory.” My thesis is two-fold: (1) pragmatism and institutionalism are compatible
and (2) non-ideal theorists, following the example of pragmatists, can avoid a similar debate as took place between institutionalists
and behavioralists by divulging their assumptions about institutions. 相似文献
225.
This paper compares two theories and their two corresponding computational models of human moral judgment. In order to better address psychological realism and generality of theories of moral judgment, more detailed and more psychologically nuanced models are needed. In particular, a motivationally based theory of moral judgment (and its corresponding computational model) is developed in this paper that provides a more accurate account of human moral judgment than an existing emotion‐reason conflict theory. Simulations based on the theory capture and explain a range of relevant human data. They account not only for the original data that were used to support the emotion – reason conflict theory, but also for a wider range of data and phenomena. 相似文献
226.
This study examined the effects of implicit anxiety on the performance of skin self‐examinations. It was hypothesized that implicit anxiety would contribute to the prediction of skin self‐examinations beyond the contributions of variables suggested by social‐cognitive models of health behavior. In addition, it was hypothesized that implicit anxiety's impact on self‐examinations would not be influenced by deliberative cognition about efficacy. To test these hypotheses, 128 participants completed measures of explicit anxiety, self and task efficacy, and an implicit associations test designed to measure implicit anxiety. As expected, self‐examination behavior was better predicted when implicit anxiety was added to models containing explicit anxiety and efficacy. Furthermore, thoughts about efficacy did not moderate the effects of implicit anxiety on self‐examination behavior. 相似文献
227.
Juandre Peacock Lauren N. Harkrider Zhanna Bagdasarov Shane Connelly James F. Johnson Chase E. Thiel Alexandra E. MacDougall Michael D. Mumford Lynn D. Devenport 《Science and engineering ethics》2013,19(3):1283-1303
Case-based instruction has been regarded by many as a viable alternative to traditional lecture-based education and training. However, little is known about how case-based training techniques impact training effectiveness. This study examined the effects of two such techniques: (a) presentation of alternative outcome scenarios to a case, and (b) conducting a structured outcome evaluation. Consistent with the hypotheses, results indicate that presentation of alternative outcome scenarios reduced knowledge acquisition, reduced sensemaking and ethical decision-making strategy use, and reduced decision ethicality. Conducting a structured outcome evaluation had no impact on these outcomes. Results indicate that those who use case-based instruction should take care to use clear, less complex cases with only a singular outcome if they are seeking these types of outcomes. 相似文献
228.
Tanzina Ahmed Jacob Shane Caitlin Chu Arielle Edwards David Caicedo Rositsa T. Ilieva Joseph Verdino Karen Jiang Daniel Brusche Ho Yan Wong Anita Yan Charmaine Aleong 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2023,17(7):e12753
College students' food situations may have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have affected their health and well-being. However, little is known about how the pandemic impacted students' food experiences and how students coped with food-related disruptions, particularly from the student's own perspective. This study reviews data from 571 undergraduates who attended public colleges during Fall 2021 and Spring 2022 and wrote a narrative about the pandemic's impact on their food experiences. Most students indicated they experienced a wide range of food difficulties and adapted new food practices. Despite these challenges, students emphasized proactive coping strategies and positive pandemic outcomes rather than difficulties and negative outcomes. These findings have implications for students' long-term health and well-being. 相似文献
229.
Susana C. Marques J. L. Pais-Ribeiro Shane J. Lopez 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(6):1049-1062
This longitudinal study presents the first examination of the relation between positive psychology constructs, mental health and academic achievement of students in Portugal. Using a sample of 367 middle-school students, the study revealed that crosssectional and longitudinal patterns of correlations between positive variables were consistent with expectations for the most part and suggested that hope, life satisfaction and self-worth have meaningful relations with mental health and academic achievement. In addition, no significant changes were found between the variables in study across the administrations and throughout the two cohorts, and all the variables in study demonstrate moderate to high stability across a 1- and 2-year time frame. Hope predicts students?? academic achievement, and life satisfaction was the strongest predictor of mental health, over 2-years. The implications of the findings are discussed with reference to prior studies and for future research. 相似文献
230.
During the past three decades, researchers interested in emotions and cognition have attempted to understand the relationship that affect and emotions have with cognitive outcomes such as judgement and decision-making. Recent research has revealed the importance of examining more discrete emotions, showing that same-valence emotions (e.g., anger and fear) differentially impact judgement and decision-making outcomes. Narrative reviews of the literature (Lerner & Tiedens, 2006 ; Pham, 2007 ) have identified some under-researched topics, but provide a limited synthesis of findings. The purpose of this study was to review the research examining the influence of discrete emotions on judgement and decision-making outcomes and provide an assessment of the observed effects using a meta-analytic approach. Results, overall, show that discrete emotions have moderate to large effects on judgement and decision-making outcomes. However, moderator analyses revealed differential effects for study-design characteristics and emotion-manipulation characteristics by emotion type. Implications are discussed. 相似文献