Classic articles in Psychology in the Science Citation Index Expanded: A bibliometric analysis

Who today are the most highly cited psychologists listed in the Web of Science? This paper reports answers to this question by using the Science Citation Index Expanded to find out. This index covers over 280,350 documents in the Psychology category of the Web of Science from 1900 to 2013 and lists the most highly cited papers published between 1927 and 2012. For example, in 2013, an article published by Jacob Cohen in 1992 obtained (1) the highest ranking with 1,068 citations, (2) the highest for total citations per year, and (3) was ranked 3rd for the total number of citations since publication by 2013. New technology thus provides a seismic shift in the ways that we can obtain and analyse data like these. Indeed, the results for the top 10 articles indicate that practical and methodological papers now receive more citations than the more theoretical papers usually found in earlier surveys.     

Sibling relationships and civic engagement: A longitudinal study of Chinese young adults

This study examined the longitudinal associations of sibling intimacy and conflict with civic attitudes and behaviours among Chinese young adults. At two time points separated by about 12 months, questionnaire data were collected from 272 Chinese college students (mean age at Time 1 = 19.68 years; 69% female), students who studied in Hong Kong and had at least one sibling. Students rated their intimacy and conflict with their siblings and their parents at Time 1, and their civic attitudes and behaviours at both time points. Hierarchical regression revealed that, controlling for demographic characteristics and parent–child intimacy and conflict, sibling intimacy predicted increases in both civic attitudes and behaviours. Sibling conflict was a non-significant predictor, however. Findings highlighted the roles of siblings in understanding civic development in young adulthood and the utility of targeting sibling intimacy as means to foster young adults' positive attitudes to and active participation in civic activities.     

Sample size determination for a matched-pairs study with incomplete data using exact approach

This research was motivated by a clinical trial design for a cognitive study. The pilot study was a matched-pairs design where some data are missing, specifically the missing data coming at the end of the study. Existing approaches to determine sample size are all based on asymptotic approaches (e.g., the generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach). When the sample size in a clinical trial is small to medium, these asymptotic approaches may not be appropriate for use due to the unsatisfactory Type I and II error rates. For this reason, we consider the exact unconditional approach to compute the sample size for a matched-pairs study with incomplete data. Recommendations are made for each possible missingness pattern by comparing the exact sample sizes based on three commonly used test statistics, with the existing sample size calculation based on the GEE approach. An example from a real surgeon-reviewers study is used to illustrate the application of the exact sample size calculation in study designs.     

Enhanced perceptual priming for neutral stimuli in a traumatic context: A pathway to intrusive memories?

Clinical observations suggest that re-experiencing symptoms are triggered by stimuli that are perceptually similar to those present shortly before the trauma or its worst moments. Two experiments investigated the possible role of perceptual priming in this phenomenon. Volunteers (N = 28, N = 62) watched a series of “traumatic” and neutral picture stories, and completed blurred object identification (priming) and recognition memory tasks. Neutral objects that immediately preceded the “traumatic” stories were more strongly primed, but not better recognised, than objects from neutral stories. Enhanced priming predicted subsequent re-experiencing symptoms. The results support the role of perceptual priming in re-experiencing.     

2岁儿童延迟性自我控制及家庭因素的相关研究

摘要研究考察2岁儿童延迟性自我控制行为的发展水平及其家庭影响因素。对86名17．5到28．5个月的儿童在画笔和食物为诱惑物的两种延迟满足情境中的行为进行实验室录像观察。同时以问卷法了解其父母教养行为、婚姻质量及亲子关系等家庭因素。结果显示：(1)2岁儿童已经具有延迟性自我控制行为．且存在性别差异。(2)家庭教养态度,尤其是母亲的教养态度对儿童自我控制行为有显著预测作用;(3)母亲所体验到的家庭生活的和谐程度能显著地预测儿童延迟性自我控制行为;(4)在控制了性别、婚姻质量及家庭教养态度后,亲子关系的作用不显著。     

医患关系的博弈分析

医患关系是医疗中最基本最重要的关系,也是最复杂的人际关系,建立良好的医患关系是保证医疗工作顺利进行的必备条件。但是这种关系从开始就是有矛盾的,在信息不对称的情况下分析医患关系的博弈情况及其原因,发现医患关系的核心是信任,它为创造和谐医患关系提出对策,并能促进构建和谐医患关系。     

中小学生感觉寻求量表的编制与应用

通过文献分析和实证研究,构建了中小学生感觉寻求的理论维度,并据此编制了中小学生感觉寻求的测量量表。以14,560名中小学生为有效被试,对量表进行了探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析后表明:中小学生感觉寻求包含两个维度,即兴奋与冒险寻求、去抑制,所构建的中小学生感觉寻求理论体系比较合理,中小学生感觉寻求量表具有较好的信度和效度,可以作为中小学生感觉寻求研究的测量工具。我国中小学生感觉寻求特点同国外研究结果表现出大体相同趋势。兴奋与冒险寻求、去抑制,以及综合感觉寻求水平,男生均显著高于女生。从年级发展趋势看,中小学生感觉寻求水平总体上逐年增高。     

中学生自主学习问卷的编制

本研究主要以齐莫曼的理论为基础,进行中学生自主学习问卷的编制。研究程序如下:初步理论构想———开放式问卷和访谈———形成初始问卷———进行项目分析、信度与效度分析等等———修订问卷———形成正式问卷———计算问卷的信度与效度。最后形成了包括学习内容的自主性、时间管理、学习策略、学习过程监控与调节、学习结果的评价与强化及学习环境的控制这6个维度的自主学习问卷。     

青少年人格发展新模型述论

在青少年人格发展理论研究的新进展中,引人注目的有两个重要理论模型:Blatt的“人际关系与自我定义”模型以及Deci和Ryan提出的“心理需要与动机”模型。2003年以来,Shahar和Henrich等人又在对这两个模型的整合研究基础之上提出和完善了“以动机为中介”的人格发展模型,其理论上传承发展和方法上的创新有着重要的借鉴意义。本文试图对这一理论新进展进行梳理,并作出相应的评价与研究展望。