跨文化行为心理学——文化取向心理学第四方向

首先简要回顾比较了文化取向心理学的四个不同的方向：文化心理学、本土心理学、跨文化心理学,以及新的发展方向——跨文化行为心理学;重点介绍了跨文化行为心理学与文化碰撞情境概念的提出以及一个跨文化行为模型;其次提出了该学科在跨文化协同增效方面的重要应用;最后做出了在中国文化背景下开展相应研究的展望。     

A Possible Connection Between Self-Consciousness and Quantum

We study the possible connection between self-consciousness and quantum process. It is shown that the self-consciousness function can help to measure the collapse time of wave function under some condition, while the usual physical device without self-consciousness can't. Furthermore, we show that the observer with self-consciousness can distinguish the definite state and the superposition of definite states under some stronger condition. This provides a practical physical method to differentiate man and machine, and will also help to find the possible existence of self-consciousness in the animal kingdom. We finally give some further discussions about these new results.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

大学生文化取向内隐效应的实验研究

分别采用自陈式量表和内隐联想测验(IAT)对424名大学生外显文化取向与内隐文化取向状况及其关系进行研究。结果表明,大学生的外显文化取向以水平个人主义文化取向为主;在IAT测验中,集体主义信息和积极性词汇联结的平均反应时小于其和消极性词汇联结的平均反应时,且差异显著,表明大学生的集体主义文化取向;内隐文化取向的IAT测验与外显文化取向的自陈式量表所测结果之间无显著性相关;不同性别、父母不同文化程度的被试的内隐文化取向无显著性差异,但在外显文化取向上发现有显著差异。     

翻译者,背叛者?

忠实不必是普遍的伦理要求和译者必须达到的目标。译者有两个选择：做一个忠实者或背叛者。如果是前一个选择,译者必须尽可能地深入原文;如果是后一个选择,译者必须对他的动机和行为做出有效的辩护。译者的选择决定了原文意义的折射方向、译文的基本面貌和读者的见解空间。在一个全球交往的时代,译者必须认真对待并谨慎行使自己的＂译者权力＂。     

机器理解古汉语的实验和若干问题

本文介绍了机器理解古汉语的一个实验系统(ACLUS)。该系统由一个知识库和三个子程序组成。知识库包含有一部机器词典和若干集用来加工句子的规则。三个子程序是:句法分析子程序、翻译子程序和问答子程序,它们分别执行三种不同的功能。本文还讨论了有关机器理解古汉语的若干重要问题。     

An analysis of fidgeting and associated individual differences

Fidgeting was defined as engaging in manipulations of one's own body parts or other objects, such actions being peripheral or nonessential to central ongoing events or tasks Two studies employed preliminary fidgeting questionnaires of 70 and 106 items, respectively, tapping a wide range of habitual behaviors Item selection and factor analyses led to the development of a final, 40-item, individual difference measure of fidgeting tendency which is balanced for response bias and has an alpha reliability coefficient of 89 Convergent and construct validity were supported by positive correlations between the fidgeting tendency measure and measures of tendencies to engage in extraneous activities (consuming alcoholic drinks, cigarette smoking, eating, daydreaming, restlessness, insomnia) while preoccupied with certain situations and tasks These findings implied that fidgeting is an activity overflow and that it is more probable when the organism's physical activity is constrained by the central or focal act Fidgeting tendency also correlated positively with binge eating and with physical activity In two additional studies, questionnaire fidgeting tendency scores correlated positively with direct observations of fidgeting by subjects and with peer predictions Personality correlates of fidgeting tendency were well defined More fidgety persons were more unpleasant and more arousable (i e, more anxious or hostile) Fidgeting tendency did not correlate significantly with subject sex or with arousal-seeking tendency     

The social-encoding benefit in face recognition is generalized to other-race faces

Faces are visual stimuli that convey rich social information. Previous experiments found better recognition for faces that were evaluated based on their social traits than on their perceptual features during encoding. Here, we ask whether this social-encoding benefit in face recognition is also found for categories of faces that we have no previous social experience with, such as other-race faces. To answer this question, we first explored whether social and perceptual evaluations for other-race faces are consistent and valid. We then asked whether social evaluations during encoding improve recognition for other-race faces. Results show that social and perceptual evaluations of own- and other-race faces were valid. We also found high agreement in social and perceptual evaluations across individuals from different races. This indicates that evaluations of other-race faces are not random but meaningful. Furthermore, we found that social evaluations facilitated face recognition regardless of race, demonstrating a social-encoding benefit for both own- and other-race faces. Our findings highlight the role of social information in face recognition and show how it can be used to improve recognition of categories of faces that are hard to recognize due to lack of experience with them.     

Unconscious structural knowledge of tonal symmetry: Tang poetry redefines limits of implicit learning

The study aims to help characterize the sort of structures about which people can acquire unconscious knowledge. It is already well established that people can implicitly learn n-grams (chunks) and also repetition patterns. We explore the acquisition of unconscious structural knowledge of symmetry. Chinese Tang poetry uses a specific sort of mirror symmetry, an inversion rule with respect to the tones of characters in successive lines of verse. We show, using artificial poetry to control both n-gram structure and repetition patterns, that people can implicitly learn to discriminate inversions from non-inversions, presenting a challenge to existing models of implicit learning.     

Latent variable selection in multidimensional item response theory models using the expectation model selection algorithm

The aim of latent variable selection in multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) models is to identify latent traits probed by test items of a multidimensional test. In this paper the expectation model selection (EMS) algorithm proposed by Jiang et al. (2015) is applied to minimize the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for latent variable selection in MIRT models with a known number of latent traits. Under mild assumptions, we prove the numerical convergence of the EMS algorithm for model selection by minimizing the BIC of observed data in the presence of missing data. For the identification of MIRT models, we assume that the variances of all latent traits are unity and each latent trait has an item that is only related to it. Under this identifiability assumption, the convergence of the EMS algorithm for latent variable selection in the multidimensional two-parameter logistic (M2PL) models can be verified. We give an efficient implementation of the EMS for the M2PL models. Simulation studies show that the EMS outperforms the EM-based L₁ regularization in terms of correctly selected latent variables and computation time. The EMS algorithm is applied to a real data set related to the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.