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141.
Dr. Theodore Millon (1928–2014) was a primary architect for the personality disorders in the DSM–III, a structure that has endured into the DSM–5. His 1969 book, Modern Psychopathology, created an elegant framework into which the well-known personality prototypes could be fitted and understood. His theoretical work soon led into the creation of several psychological inventories, most notably the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). The MCMI, now in preparation for its 4th major edition, has been a very popular instrument among clinicians. This article explores the history of the MCMI's development from its origins, through 2 distinct theoretical phases, and to its current status as the MCMI–IV is finalized. 相似文献
142.
Identifying hallmarks of consciousness in non-mammalian species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Most early studies of consciousness have focused on human subjects. This is understandable, given that humans are capable of reporting accurately the events they experience through language or by way of other kinds of voluntary response. As researchers turn their attention to other animals, "accurate report" methodologies become increasingly difficult to apply. Alternative strategies for amassing evidence for consciousness in non-human species include searching for evolutionary homologies in anatomical substrates and measurement of physiological correlates of conscious states. In addition, creative means must be developed for eliciting behaviors consistent with consciousness. In this paper, we explore whether necessary conditions for consciousness can be established for species as disparate as birds and cephalopods. We conclude that a strong case can be made for avian species and that the case for cephalopods remains open. Nonetheless, a consistent effort should yield new means for interpreting animal behavior. 相似文献
143.
Frankfurt cases are purported counterexamples to the Principle of Alternative Possibilities, which implies that we are not morally responsible for unavoidable actions. A major permutation of the counterexample strategy features buffered alternatives; this permutation is designed to overcome an influential defense of the Principle of Alternative Possibilities. Here we defend the buffering strategy against two recent objections, both of which stress the timing of an agent’s decision. We argue that attributions of moral responsibility aren’t time-sensitive in the way the objectors suppose. We then turn to the crucial question of when an action is relevantly avoidable—when, in the parlance of the literature, an alternative possibility is robust. We call attention to two plausible tests for robustness that merit further consideration, showing that the agents in buffered Frankfurt cases don’t pass these tests, despite being morally responsible for their actions. 相似文献
144.
145.
Seth A. Brown 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(4):307-314
There is variability on how auditory hallucinations (AH) impact individuals, ranging from distress to comfort. A systematic
study of how simulations of AH impact a non-clinical sample can address not only how AH simulations influence the general
public, but also inform how actual AH influence individuals. Utilizing 504 undergraduates, different simulations of AH were
presented to examine their impact on emotions and identify moderating variables. The simulations increased negative affect
and decreased positive affect. Sex of the participant and differing levels of duration, volume, and context of the simulation
did not influence the magnitude of the emotional responses. However, simulations with derogatory content led to greater increased
negative affect and decreased positive affect than simulations with benevolent/neutral content. These results suggest that
the content of simulations have a substantial effect, which is pertinent to administering simulations for training purposes
and implementing psychosocial rehabilitation programs for those who hallucinate.
相似文献
Seth A. BrownEmail: |
146.
The distinction between hedonic enjoyment and eudaimonia was evaluated in three data sets involving use of the Personally
Expressive Activities Questionnaire—Standard Form (PEAQ-S) with college student samples (n > 200 in each sample). Indices of these two conceptions of happiness were strongly and reliably related across the three
samples. Differences between these two conceptions of happiness were evaluated in two ways. First, we examined and compared
correlations of hedonic enjoyment and eudaimonia with variables related to intrinsic motivation. Zero-order correlations involving
hedonic enjoyment were significantly stronger with respect to measures of self-determination and interest than were the corresponding
correlations involving feelings of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia). In contrast, correlations involving eudaimonia were
significantly stronger with measures of the balance of challenges and skills, self-realization values, effort, and importance
than were the corresponding correlations with hedonic enjoyment. Second, we empirically distinguished between activities for
which both hedonic enjoyment and eudaimonia are present (intrinsically motivated activities) and activities for which hedonic
enjoyment alone is present (hedonically enjoyed activities). Intrinsically motivated activities were judged to be significantly
higher with respect to measures of the balance of challenges and skills, self-realization values, effort, importance, interest,
and flow experiences. No differences between the two categories of activities were found for self-determination and the frequency
with which activities were performed. Given these distinguishable patterns in the two conceptions of happiness, a reconceptualization
for the understanding of intrinsic motivation is proposed. 相似文献
147.
Kristin E. Henkel Krysten Brown Seth C. Kalichman 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2008,2(4):1586-1599
AIDS‐related stigmas have profound negative impacts on people living with and those affected by HIV/AIDS. While a considerable body of work examines AIDS‐related stigma, it is less clear how AIDS stigmas affect individuals in relation to other stigmatized identities, particularly ethnic minorities. This review examines the literature on AIDS‐related stigma among these groups. The limited available research indicates that AIDS stigmas can seriously interfere with HIV testing, treatment, and care. In addition, prevention studies conducted with incarcerated adolescents, a group characterized by stigmatized identities and high risks for HIV, indicate that interventions for this population do not address stigmatized identities and demonstrate limited effects on risk reduction outcomes. Research is needed to examine stigma in primary prevention of HIV with an at‐risk stigmatized group. 相似文献
148.
MacGeorge Erina L. Graves Angela R. Feng Bo Gillihan Seth J. Burleson Brant R. 《Sex roles》2004,50(3-4):143-175
Michaud and Warner (1997) and Basow and Rubenfeld (2003) recently reported studies of gender differences in “troubles talk” that allegedly provide support for the different cultures thesis, that is, the notion that men and women communicate in such different ways that they should be regarded as members of different communication cultures or speech communities. In this article, we identify several limitations in these two studies that, collectively, have the effect of casting doubt on their conclusions. We then report three studies that show that men and women provide and respond to supportive messages (“troubles talk”) in ways that are much more similar than different. The current findings, in conjunction with other recent findings, suggest that the different cultures thesis is a myth that should be discarded. 相似文献
149.
Emotional distress in nonmetropolitan persons living with HIV disease enrolled in a telephone-delivered, coping improvement group intervention. 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Timothy G Heckman Eileen S Anderson Kathleen J Sikkema Arlene Kochman Seth C Kalichman Timothy Anderson 《Health psychology》2004,23(1):94-100
The study delineated depressive symptoms and modeled emotional distress in persons living with HIV disease in nonmetropolitan areas of 13 U.S. states. Participants (N=329) were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of a telephone-delivered, coping improvement group intervention, and 60% reported moderate or severe levels of depressive symptomatology on the Beck Depression Inventory. Structural equation modeling indicated that participants who experienced more severe HIV symptomatology, received less social support, and engaged in more avoidant coping also experienced more emotional distress (a latent construct comprising depressive symptoms and emotional well-being). Greater HIV-related stigma and rejection by family led to more emotional distress, with social support and avoidant coping mediating almost entirely the effects of the former 2 variables. The model accounted for 72% of the variance in emotional distress in nonmetropolitan persons living with HIV disease. 相似文献
150.
Seth D. KuninAuthor Vitae 《Religion》2003,33(2):105-125
The Book of Mormon presents a fascinating opportunity to test aspects of structuralist analysis of myth and culture. This article examines some of the key issues in structuralist theory and attempts to develop some new avenues of structuralist analysis, particularly in relation to agency and transformation. Although in some sense these avenues can be seen as challenging principles of traditional structuralism, the changes suggested are more refinements than significant alterations. The article then tests these theories in relation to a series of very complex allegories in the Book of Mormon. This discussion both demonstrates the analytical power of the approach and raises some interesting ethnographic issues, particularly the presence of triadic rather than dyadic structure. In order to add a diachronic aspect to the discussion and to examine process of transformation between cultures, the article touches on the use of similar allegories in the New Testament and in Intertestamental literature. 相似文献