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931.
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933.
Miriam Rosenberg‐Lee Sarit Ashkenazi Tianwen Chen Christina B. Young David C. Geary Vinod Menon 《Developmental science》2015,18(3):351-372
Developmental dyscalculia (DD) is marked by specific deficits in processing numerical and mathematical information despite normal intelligence (IQ) and reading ability. We examined how brain circuits used by young children with DD to solve simple addition and subtraction problems differ from those used by typically developing (TD) children who were matched on age, IQ, reading ability, and working memory. Children with DD were slower and less accurate during problem solving than TD children, and were especially impaired on their ability to solve subtraction problems. Children with DD showed significantly greater activity in multiple parietal, occipito‐temporal and prefrontal cortex regions while solving addition and subtraction problems. Despite poorer performance during subtraction, children with DD showed greater activity in multiple intra‐parietal sulcus (IPS) and superior parietal lobule subdivisions in the dorsal posterior parietal cortex as well as fusiform gyrus in the ventral occipito‐temporal cortex. Critically, effective connectivity analyses revealed hyper‐connectivity, rather than reduced connectivity, between the IPS and multiple brain systems including the lateral fronto‐parietal and default mode networks in children with DD during both addition and subtraction. These findings suggest the IPS and its functional circuits are a major locus of dysfunction during both addition and subtraction problem solving in DD, and that inappropriate task modulation and hyper‐connectivity, rather than under‐engagement and under‐connectivity, are the neural mechanisms underlying problem solving difficulties in children with DD. We discuss our findings in the broader context of multiple levels of analysis and performance issues inherent in neuroimaging studies of typical and atypical development. 相似文献
934.
Seoyeon Lee 《Media Psychology》2015,18(1):1-23
Mobile phones are seen as extensions of the self, with users individualizing their phones via customized accessories and features. A Korea–U.S. comparison survey (N = 551) examines the degree to which aspects of cultural psychology predict aesthetic motivations for mobile-phone customization, including the possibility that repression of self-expression in predominantly collectivistic Eastern cultures may be fueling the need to publicly express oneself through visible accessories. Furthermore, it explores psychological correlates of the tendency for cosmetic customization. Analyses using structural equation modeling show that culture predicts other-directedness, which is associated with aesthetic motivations for cosmetic customization of mobile phones, which in turn is related to product attachment—a relationship that is mediated by the degree to which users perceive their phones as reflecting their self. Theoretical contributions include an empirically based explication of the social psychology underlying the phenomenon of personal-media accessorizing, with practical implications for the design of customization options and cross-cultural marketing of mobile phones. 相似文献
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936.
Establishing versus preserving impressions: Predicting success in the multiple audience problem 下载免费PDF全文
People sometimes seek to convey discrepant impressions of themselves to different audiences simultaneously. Research suggests people are generally successful in this “multiple audience problem.” Adding to previous research, the current research sought to examine factors that may limit this success by measuring social anxiety and placing participants into situations requiring them to either establish or preserve multiple impressions simultaneously. In general, participants were more successful when preserving previously conveyed impressions than when establishing impressions for the first time. In contrast, social anxiety did not affect multiple audience success. In all, this research offers valuable insight into potential challenges that people face in many social situations. 相似文献
937.
“THE MAN WHO COMMITTED A HUNDRED BURGLARIES”: MARK BENNEY'S STRANGE AND EVENTFUL SOCIOLOGICAL CAREER 下载免费PDF全文
Raymond M. Lee 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2015,51(4):409-433
This article examines the life and career of the sociologist Mark Benney. It describes the processes, not all of them edifying, by which he made the transition from life as a career criminal, via literature, to become a sociologist first at the London School of Economics and then at the University of Chicago. Benney's career is then used to illuminate particular episodes in the history of sociology, including the attempt to introduce into British sociology in the period after the Second World War quantitative survey techniques of the kind that were then becoming more widely used in the United States, and his work with David Riesman on the Interview Project, Riesman's attempt to develop a empirically based sociology of the interview. 相似文献
938.
J.A. Macrae R.M. Pearson R. Lee D. Chauhan K. Bennert A. Burns H. Baxter J. Evans 《Infant mental health journal》2015,36(6):588-598
Research has suggested that prenatal depression may be associated with disrupted maternal responses to infant stimuli, with depressed pregnant women not showing the bias toward distressed infants as that observed in nondepressed pregnant women. The current study examined the effects of depression on self‐ reported responses to infant stimuli, in early pregnancy. Women with clinical depression (n = 38), and nondepressed women (n = 67) were recruited from a wider cognitive behavioral therapy trial. They completed Maternal Response Scales in which they were presented with images of distressed, neutral, and happy infant faces, with no time limit. The women rated their responses to these images along three dimensions—wanting to comfort, wanting to turn away, and feelings of anxiety—using Likert scales via a computerized task. There was evidence that women with depression in pregnancy showed different responses than did women without depression. Women with depression were substantially more likely to be in the highest quartile for ratings of wanting to turn away, odds (OR) ratio = 4.15, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.63–10.5, p = .003, and also were substantially less likely to be in the highest quartile for wanting to comfort a distressed infant face, OR = 0.22, 95% CIs = 0.09–0.54, p < .001. Findings are consistent with there being both a heightened avoidant and a reduced comforting response toward distressed infants in depressed pregnant women, providing some support that depression disrupts maternal preparations at a conscious level. 相似文献
939.
Kang Eunkyo Rhee Ye Eun Kim Soojeong Lee Jihye Yun Young Ho 《Applied research in quality of life》2021,16(4):1673-1687
Applied Research in Quality of Life - This study aimed to present normative data of Quality of life (QoL) and to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic factors, multidimensional QoL and... 相似文献
940.
Bonnie K. Lee 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2002,24(1):57-78
This article casts into relief the essentialist-existential philosophy implicit in Satir's model of healing using Paul Tillich's systematic philosophical framework. Parallels between Satir's model of the person are drawn with Tillich's ontological categories of essence and existence, individualization and participation, and destiny and freedom. Congruence as the integration of elements in three vital human dimensions: the interpersonal, intrapsychic, and spiritual-universal, is correlated with Tillich's philosophical understanding of salvation. The religious quest is understood as a systemic, multidimensional process that brings the interactive and interdependent personal, interpersonal and spiritual dimensions into a restored unity. Thus Satir's rehumanization project and Tillich's religious quest are shown to coincide. 相似文献