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131.
归类的相似性对比模型研究综述 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本文阐述了近期归类中的相似性对比模型的研究,首先介绍了相似性对比的空间模型、基于特征的对比模型以及最近提出的结构匹配模型,并且详细阐述结构匹配模型观点以及它的应用方面的研究,旨在抛砖引玉,引起更多的人们来关注本领域的研究与发展。 相似文献
132.
The Stroop color-naming task is one of the most widely studied tasks involving the inhibition of a prepotent response, regarded as an executive function. Several studies have examined performance on versions of the Stroop task under conditions of acute sleep deprivation. Though these studies revealed effects on Stroop performance, the results often do not differentiate between general effects of sleep deprivation on performance and effects specifically on interference in the Stroop task. To examine the effect of prolonged wakefulness on performance on the Stroop task, we studied participants in a 40-h "constant routine" protocol during which they remained awake in constant conditions and performed a Stroop color-naming task every two hours. We found that reaction time was slowest when the color and word did not match (incongruent), fastest when the color and word did match (congruent), and intermediate when participants named the color of the non-word stimulus (neutral). Performance on all three trial types degraded significantly as a function of time awake. Extended wakefulness did not significantly change the additional time needed to respond when the color and word did not match (Stroop interference), nor did it change the amount of facilitation when color and word matched. These results indicate that one night of sleep deprivation influences performance on the Stroop task by an overall increase in response time, but does not appear to impact the underlying processes of interference or facilitation. The results suggest that the degree to which an "executive function" is affected by sleep deprivation may depend on the particular executive function studied and the degree to which it is subserved by the prefrontal cortex. 相似文献
133.
The purpose of the current study was to examine the criterion validity of the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children (BPFS-C) by assessing the performance of the self-report and a newly developed parent report version of the measure (BPFS-P) in detecting a borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis in adolescent inpatients. This study also examined parent-child agreement and the internal consistency of the BPFS subscales. An inpatient sample of adolescents (n = 51) ranging from ages 12-18 completed the BPFS and were administered the Child Interview for DSM-IV Borderline Personality Disorder (CI-BPD) by trained clinical research staff. ROC analyses revealed that the BPFS-C has high accuracy (AUC = .931; Se = .856; Sp = .840) in discriminating adolescents with a diagnosis of BPD, as measured by the CI-BPD, while the BPFS-P has moderate accuracy (AUC = .795; Se = .733; Sp = .720). Parent-child agreement on total scores was significant (r = .687; p < .005). Cronbach's alphas suggested internal consistency for the four subscales of the BPFS. These findings support the criterion validity of this measure, particularly the self-report version, in adolescent inpatient settings. 相似文献
134.
Russell E. Johnson Christopher C. Rosen Chu-Hsiang Chang 《Journal of business and psychology》2011,26(3):241-248
The use of higher-order multidimensional constructs (i.e., latent constructs comprised of standalone variables) in the organizational
psychology and behavior literatures is becoming commonplace. Despite their advantages (e.g., greater parsimony and bandwidth),
the development and validation of such constructs often unfolds in an indiscriminant fashion. It is not surprising, then,
that much debate has arisen regarding the viability of many higher-order constructs. In this article, we outline ten recommendations
for improving the construct- and criterion-related validity of higher-order constructs. Chief among these recommendations
include the need for researchers to specify precise theoretical and empirical inclusion criteria, to rule out alternative
explanations for the emergence of a higher-order factor and to assess incremental and relative importance. To illustrate how
these recommendations play out, we apply them to core self-evaluation as an example. We believe that higher-order constructs
may offer unique insight into work-relevant phenomena, provided they are established via rigorous means. 相似文献
135.
Paul?R.?YostEmail author Jillian?R.?McLellan Diana?L.?Ecker Glenna?C.?Chang Joy?M.?Hereford Chris?C.?Roenicke Jami?B.?Town Yolanda?L.?Winberg 《Journal of business and psychology》2011,26(2):233-239
What causes one Human Resource (HR) intervention to thrive while another dies? The purpose of this paper is to explore the characteristics of HR interventions that are not only self-sustaining, but adapt and gain momentum over time. Based on a review of the literature, a case study, and 16 critical incident interviews with senior Industrial-Organizational (I–O) and HR professionals, several characteristics of the organization, the intervention, and the leader consistently emerged as important in creating sustainable HR programs, suggesting several new directions for future research. 相似文献
136.
Carolyn A. Blondin Jeff L. Cochran Eun Jung Oh Cora M. Taylor Robert L. Williams 《Journal of Adult Development》2011,18(4):204-213
Undergraduate students in a Southeastern US University (n = 232) responded to an inventory that included retrospective measures of their parents’ style of parenting (authoritarian
vs. authoritative) and their own childhood psychological tendencies (insecurity vs. confidence), as well as their adult stressors
and political orientation. Authoritative parenting positively correlated with childhood confidence and negatively correlated
with both childhood insecurity and adult stressors. Conversely, authoritarian parenting was positively associated with childhood
insecurity and adult stressors but was not significantly correlated with childhood confidence. For the most part, parenting
styles, early childhood tendencies, and adult stressors were unrelated to adult political ideology, contrary to previous longitudinal
research reporting these connections. 相似文献
137.
A major challenge for task switching is maintaining a balance between high task readiness and effectively ignoring irrelevant
task rules. This calls for finely tuned inhibition that targets only the source of interference without adversely influencing
other task-related representations. The authors show that irrelevant task rules generating response conflict are inhibited, causing their inefficient execution on the next trial (indicating the presence
of competitor rule suppression[CRS];Meiran, Hsieh, & Dimov, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition,
36, 992–1002, 2010). To determine whether CRS influences task rules, rather than target stimuli or responses, the authors focused on the processing of the task cue before the target stimulus
was presented and before the response could be chosen. As was predicted, CRS was found in the event-related potentials in
two time windows during task cue processing. It was also found in three time windows after target presentation. Source localization
analyses suggest the involvement of the right dorsal prefrontal cortex in all five time windows. 相似文献
138.
本文介绍西方19世纪末以来对前苏格拉底思想家文献的搜集、整理、编辑以及研究的现状.第尔斯通过对自亚里士多德开始直至中世纪希腊语文献的梳理,提出了撰述前苏格拉底思想家的学述传统,钩沉学述文献并编撰了前苏格拉底思想家残篇的标准版本.20世纪以来西方学界在此基础上使用现代语言深入、细致地对前苏格拉底思想家整体以及学派、人物的残篇文献详加考证、注疏、阐释,产生了许多成果,并对第尔斯建立学述传统的方法及其成果做出了批判性的发展,古典学与哲学史史料、哲学问题等多领域合作形成了前苏格拉底哲学家的文献整理成果. 相似文献
139.
140.
Daravan Rongmuang Colleen Corte Linda L. McCreary Chang G. Park Arlene Miller Agatha Gallo 《Body image》2011,8(4):396-403
Our aim in the present study was to identify key components of physical appearance among young Thai women. Free listings, focus groups and pile sorting were used. One-hundred twenty young women generated 78 unique physical appearance characteristics. Ninety-four nursing students validated these characteristics in focus groups and then sorted them into piles that reflected separate domains of physical appearance and labeled them. Salience analysis revealed that facial appearance (e.g., bright facial skin, high nose bridge, big eyes) was the most important domain, followed by body weight and shape, skin color and texture, hair (color, texture, length), and ‘other’ physical appearance (e.g., slender neck, slim fingers). This is the first study to identify aspects of physical appearance that are most salient to young Thai women and that may differ from women in other cultural contexts. These findings could be used to develop culturally grounded measures of physical appearance in Thai women. 相似文献