脑动静脉畸形的诊治方法探讨

结合最新文献和实践经验,用科学、辩证的观点分析脑动静脉畸形的自然史、诊断和治疗选择.就显微手术、血管内治疗及放射外科治疗三种手段的选择进行探讨.     

论王宗传的易学观

王宗传作为南宋以心解《易》的开启者之一,继承义理派传统,提出理乃所以为象者、数生于理、理寓于数、《易》乃假蓍龟之神发明人心之神等观念。体现了他重义理而不废象数的易学观。其易学观体现了当时儒者传承华夏文明正统的学术旨归。     

帛书《二三子问》“龙之德”之意蕴及忧患意识

帛书《二三子问》作为解经之作,其论述是依《易》之经文展开的。《二三子问》论《易》屡称"龙德",分别从龙与天地阴阳的关系,龙的变化特性,龙之德在人类社会中的体现三个方面进行论证,表达作者的易学观。在此基础上,《二三子问》的作者通过对卦爻辞的诠释,以阐述施政艰难的方式表达忧患意识,同时通过比较人君、贤者、君子、小人的不同德行,表达重德的核心观念,凸显忧患意识。     

Latent Class Dynamic Mediation Model with Application to Smoking Cessation Data

Traditional mediation analysis assumes that a study population is homogeneous and the mediation effect is constant over time, which may not hold in some applications. Motivated by smoking cessation data, we propose a latent class dynamic mediation model that explicitly accounts for the fact that the study population may consist of different subgroups and the mediation effect may vary over time. We use a proportional odds model to accommodate the subject heterogeneities and identify latent subgroups. Conditional on the subgroups, we employ a Bayesian hierarchical nonparametric time-varying coefficient model to capture the time-varying mediation process, while allowing each subgroup to have its individual dynamic mediation process. A simulation study shows that the proposed method has good performance in estimating the mediation effect. We illustrate the proposed methodology by applying it to analyze smoking cessation data.

     

Employee-experienced High-performance Work Systems in Facilitating Employee Helping and Voice: The Role of Employees’ Proximal Perceptions and Trust in the Supervisor

Relative to previous research concerning the positive association between high-performance work systems (HPWS) and employees’ voice and helping, we examined a wider range of mediators reflecting employees’ ability, motivation, and opportunity to expand their citizenship-based role definitions. Trust in the supervisor was also investigated as a boundary condition on the relationships in question. Multisource data, collected in 4 waves, from 208 supervisor–employee dyads showed that employees’ efficacy, instrumentality, and autonomy perceptions concerning voice mediated the association between employee-experienced HPWS and expanded role definition for voice. Instrumentality mediated the relationship between employee-experienced HPWS and expanded role definition for helping. The positive links between employee-experienced HPWS and both supervisor-rated helping and voice were mediated by employees’ role definitions. Trust in the supervisor positively moderated the mediated effects.     

小学低年级儿童阅读流畅性的发展轨迹及其对阅读理解的预测作用

对149名小学一年级儿童的阅读流畅性进行历时三年五次的追踪测试,采用潜变量增长模型探索了儿童阅读流畅性的发展轨迹,并在控制相关变量后,考察了阅读流畅性的起始水平和发展速度对阅读理解的预测作用。结果发现：（1）小学低年级儿童字词阅读流畅性呈非线性发展,其中一年级快速发展,二、三年级时进一步发展,但发展速度变缓,起始水平低的儿童其后发展速度快,表现出补偿模式;句子阅读流畅性呈线性发展,儿童个体之间的差异随时间逐渐增大,表现出马太效应;（2）控制一般认知能力、家庭社会经济地位及相关语言认知技能后,字词阅读流畅性的起始水平和发展速度均可预测儿童三年级时阅读理解水平,而句子阅读流畅性的起始水平不能预测,但发展速度有显著预测作用。结果说明字词阅读流畅性和句子阅读流畅性有不同的发展轨迹和发展模式,在小学低年级阶段,相比句子阅读流畅性,儿童字词阅读流畅性的起始水平对阅读理解有预测作用,且两者的发展速度均对阅读理解有预测作用。     

政德——政权兴亡的生命线

中国自古就存在政治伦理 ,即“政德”。汉初的思想家们更加重视“政德” ,将其视为一切政权的生命线。     

聋童和正常儿童在内隐和外显记忆上的发展差异

本研究采用自行编制计算机化的加工分离程序(PDP)．旨在探讨聋童和正常儿童是否在内隐和外显记忆上存在不同的发展模式。结果显示：(1)人群和年龄对内隐记忆没有显著影响,而外显记忆存在显著的人群差异和年龄差异;(2)外显记忆的人群和年龄存在显著的交互作用,聋童随年龄增长,其外显记忆存在显著的发展,而正常儿童的外显记忆有略微的下降。本研究结果支持意识和无意识的权衡理论．并为聋童教育提供了一些启示。     

老年中国人自我记忆效应的研究

本研究用带R／K判断的再认范式考察了60岁和70岁两个年龄段的老年中国人的自我记忆效应,结果发现：老年人的记忆仍表现有自我参照效应,但60岁以上的老年中国被试中没有出现母亲参照加工的优势效应;60岁左右的老年人在自我参照加工、参照母亲加工、参照周恩来加工以及语义加工这四项任务中的再认成绩及R判断值都显著高于70岁的老年人,两组被试在K值上没有显著差异;老年人记忆成绩的下降主要体现在情景记忆中,语义记忆能力相对来说下降速度较慢。     

Avoiding Anxiety,Being in Denial,or Simply Stroking Self‐Esteem: Why Self‐Positivity?

This article studies the presence, resilience, and direction of the self‐positivity bias under various conditions to examine the role of self‐esteem maintenance as an important antecedent for the bias. Experiment 1 manipulates the perceptions of the uncontrollability of cancer and presence of base‐rate information as independent variables that together eliminate the self‐positivity bias in perceptions of the risk of cancer. Experiment 2 shows the same effects using 4 life events that differ in terms of valence and perceived controllability; that is, base‐rate information affects self‐estimates for uncontrollable life events, reducing the self‐positivity bias, but does not affect self‐estimates for controllable events. Experiment 3 shows that these effects only apply to optimistic individuals who fail to incorporate base‐rate information into their self‐perceptions for controllable events. In contrast, pessimists use base rates to update their self‐estimates irrespective of the controllability of the event. Overall, the pattern suggests that self‐positivity is attenuated in conditions that implicate self‐esteem. Implications for health care marketing are discussed.