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541.
采用眼动方法.通过两个实验考察了汉语同音同形歧义词的歧义消解过程.结果显示:(1)在中性句子语境中,均衡歧义词的首视时间显著高于偏向歧义词.歧义词的意义通达仅受歧义词意义的相对频率影响,不受语境的影响;(2)在偏向句子语境中,当语境支持歧义词的次要意义时,被试对偏向歧义词的解歧信息的注视时间显著高于其他两类目标词,体现了语境对歧义词意义的整合作用.实验结果支持词汇歧义消解的模块化模型的观点. 相似文献
542.
韩水法 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2008,3(4):622-632
The core elements of modern democracy are citizens who share equally in mutually-compatible basic rights, serve as the final
decision-makers on the community’s constitution, and choose whom to be entrusted with legislative and executive powers, while
at the same time wielding final veto power over the present government. The rule of the majority in modern democracy is no
longer a fundamental principle, but rather a derivative principle the validity of which is based on the above-mentioned core
elements.
Translated by Hu Jinglei from Tianjin Shehui Kexue 天津社会科学 (Tianjin Social Sciences), 2007, (5): 7–12 相似文献
543.
Different thinking styles in Westerners and Chinese (analytic vs. holistic) lead to disparities between the two cultures not only in perception and attention but also in high‐level social cognition such as self‐representation. Most Western philosophers discussed the self by focusing on personal self‐identity, whereas Chinese philosophers emphasized the relation between the self and others. Dissimilar philosophical thinking of the self is associated with distinct cognitive styles of self‐representation (i.e., the independent self in Westerners and the interdependent self in Chinese). Recent brain imaging studies found that Westerners employed the medial prefrontal cortex to represent only the individual self, whereas Chinese utilized the same brain area to represent both the self and close others, providing neural basis of cultural differences in self‐representation. We suggest that the cultural differences in thinking styles between Westerners and Chinese influence both psychological and neural structure of self‐representation. 相似文献
544.
Although many studies have demonstrated positive associations between perceived control and academic achievement, few studies have actually explored which of the two constructs is the determinant of the other. There are only a few longitudinal studies on the relationship of perceived control and academic achievement. The present study examined the reciprocal longitudinal relation between perceived control and academic achievement. Further, considering the multiethnic background of the USA, this study investigated how the relationship between two constructs varies with ethnicity. Using a randomly selected sample of 1,500 students from Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White groups in the National Education Longitudinal Study data, Autoregressive Cross-lagged Modeling was performed to get a complete picture of the longitudinal relationship. Results showed a positive longitudinal effect of academic achievement on perceived control across the ethnic groups. Explanations for these findings are discussed. 相似文献
545.
Shu‐Ying Chen Pui‐Wa Lei Wen‐Han Liao 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2008,61(2):471-492
This paper proposes an on‐line version of the Sympson and Hetter procedure with test overlap control (SHT) that can provide item exposure control at both the item and test levels on the fly without iterative simulations. The on‐line procedure is similar to the SHT procedure in that exposure parameters are used for simultaneous control of item exposure rates and test overlap rate. The exposure parameters for the on‐line procedure, however, are updated sequentially on the fly, rather than through iterative simulations conducted prior to operational computerized adaptive tests (CATs). Unlike the SHT procedure, the on‐line version can control item exposure rate and test overlap rate without time‐consuming iterative simulations even when item pools or examinee populations have been changed. Moreover, the on‐line procedure was found to perform better than the SHT procedure in controlling item exposure and test overlap for examinees who take tests earlier. Compared with two other on‐line alternatives, this proposed on‐line method provided the best all‐around test security control. Thus, it would be an efficient procedure for controlling item exposure and test overlap in CATs. 相似文献
546.
Oreg S Bayazit M Vakola M Arciniega L Armenakis A Barkauskiene R Bozionelos N Fujimoto Y González L Han J Hrebícková M Jimmieson N Kordacová J Mitsuhashi H Mlacic B Feric I Topic MK Ohly S Saksvik PO Hetland H Saksvik I van Dam K 《The Journal of applied psychology》2008,93(4):935-944
The concept of dispositional resistance to change has been introduced in a series of exploratory and confirmatory analyses through which the validity of the Resistance to Change (RTC) Scale has been established (S. Oreg, 2003). However, the vast majority of participants with whom the scale was validated were from the United States. The purpose of the present work was to examine the meaningfulness of the construct and the validity of the scale across nations. Measurement equivalence analyses of data from 17 countries, representing 13 languages and 4 continents, confirmed the cross-national validity of the scale. Equivalent patterns of relationships between personal values and RTC across samples extend the nomological net of the construct and provide further evidence that dispositional resistance to change holds equivalent meanings across nations. 相似文献
547.
548.
大学生公民教育新路径探析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
当代中国的马克思主义是大学生公民教育的思想基础;培育中国特色社会主义共同理想的社会主义建设者是大学生公民教育的发展目标;传承与发扬民族精神与时代精神是大学生公民教育的重要使命;坚持弘扬社会主义荣辱观是大学生公民教育的实践方向.大学生公民教育要取得实效,一要不断探索新的实践路径,二要大力营造全社会共同关心高校公民教育的氛围. 相似文献
549.
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers Han L. J. van der Maas Conor V. Dolan Raoul P. P. P. Grasman 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2008,15(6):1229-1235
In this rejoinder, we address two of Ratcliff’s main concerns with respect to the EZ-diffusion model (Ratcliff, 2008). First,
we introduce “robust-EZ,” a mixture model approach to achieve robustness against the presence of response contaminants that
might otherwise distort parameter estimates. Second, we discuss an extension of the EZ model that allows the estimation of
starting point as an additional parameter. Together with recently developed, user-friendly software programs for fitting the
full diffusion model (Vandekerckhove & Tuerlinckx, 2007; Voss & Voss, 2007), the development of the EZ model and its extensions
is part of a larger effort to make diffusion model analyses accessible to a broader audience, an effort that is long overdue. 相似文献
550.
采用问卷法对988名初中生进行调查,探究儿童心理虐待与忽视和自杀意念的关系,应对方式的中介作用以及友谊质量的调节作用。结果表明:(1)儿童心理虐待与忽视正向预测自杀意念;(2)应对方式是儿童心理虐待与忽视和自杀意念之间的中介变量;(3)儿童心理虐待与忽视对自杀意念的直接效应受到友谊质量的调节,直接效应对于友谊质量低的青少年更显著;(4)儿童心理虐待与忽视通过应对方式对自杀意念的间接效应的后半段受到友谊质量的调节,友谊质量高的青少年的自杀意念水平相对更低。因此,儿童心理虐待与忽视和自杀意念之间是有调节的中介关系,儿童心理虐待与忽视通过应对方式影响自杀意念,友谊质量在直接路径和间接路径中起调节作用。 相似文献