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141.
Sebastian Lutz 《Philosophy and phenomenological research》2017,95(2):319-352
The debate between critics of syntactic and semantic approaches to the formalization of scientific theories has been going on for over 50 years. I structure the debate in light of a recent exchange between Hans Halvorson, Clark Glymour, and Bas van Fraassen and argue that the only remaining disagreement concerns the alleged difference in the dependence of syntactic and semantic approaches on languages of predicate logic. This difference turns out to be illusory. 相似文献
142.
Why are conservatives happier than liberals? Comparing different explanations based on system justification,multiple group membership,and positive adjustment 下载免费PDF全文
Sebastian Butz Pascal J. Kieslich Herbert Bless 《European journal of social psychology》2017,47(3):362-372
This study examined the relation between conservatism and life satisfaction. Analyses based on data from a representative German survey (ALLBUS 2010) revealed a positive relation between conservatism and self‐reported life satisfaction, thus supporting prior claims of this link. Different accounts have been proposed for this relationship, suggesting system justification, positive adjustment, or multiple group membership as potential mediators. Going beyond prior research, this study allowed for a comparison between these different mechanisms. Analyses revealed that system justification and one of the three examined constructs related to positive adjustment (i.e., religiosity) were significant mediators of the positive relationship between political conservatism and life satisfaction. Comparable results were obtained after controlling for a number of sociodemographic variables. The present findings indicate (i) that conservatives report to be more satisfied with their lives than liberals and (ii) that this difference is in part due to conservatives' system justification and religiosity. 相似文献
143.
Sebastian Enqvist 《Erkenntnis》2010,72(3):315-335
In the paper “On the role of the research agenda in epistemic change”, Olsson and Westlund have suggested that the notion
of epistemic state employed in the standard framework of belief revision (Alchourrón et al. 1985; G?rdenfors 1988) should be extended to include a representation of the agent’s research agenda (Olsson and Westlund 2006). The resulting framework will here be referred to as interrogative belief revision. In this paper, I attempt to deal with the problem of how research agendas should change in contraction, a problem largely left open by Olsson and Westlund. Two desiderata of an appropriate solution are suggested: one is a principle of continuity, stating that changes in the research agenda should somehow reflect that certain long term research interests are kept fixed. The other desideratum, which is based on part of Olsson and Westlund’s motivation for
adding research agendas to the epistemic states, is that we should be able to account for how contraction may serve to open
up new, fruitful hypotheses for investigation. In order to achieve these desiderata, I base my solution on a revised version of Olsson and Westlund’s notion of epistemic state. 相似文献
144.
Several studies have shown that handedness has an impact on visual spatial abilities. Here we investigated the effect of laterality on auditory space perception. Participants (33 right-handers, 20 left-handers) completed two tasks of sound localization. In a dark, anechoic, and sound-proof room, sound stimuli (broadband noise) were presented via 21 loudspeakers mounted horizontally (from 80° on the left to 80° on the right). Participants had to localize the target either by using a swivel hand-pointer or by head-pointing. Individual lateral preferences of eye, ear, hand, and foot were obtained using a questionnaire. With both pointing methods, participants showed a bias in sound localization that was to the side contralateral to the preferred hand, an effect that was unrelated to their overall precision. This partially parallels findings in the visual modality as left-handers typically have a more rightward bias in visual line bisection compared with right-handers. Despite the differences in neural processing of auditory and visual spatial information these findings show similar effects of lateral preference on auditory and visual spatial perception. This suggests that supramodal neural processes are involved in the mechanisms generating laterality in space perception. 相似文献
145.
Claudia C. Wolf Sebastian Ocklenburg Beyza Ören Cordula Becker Andrea Hofstätter Christa Bös Markus Popken Truls Thorstensen Onur Güntürkün 《Psychological research》2010,74(4):429-435
The stereotype of women’s limited parking skills is deeply anchored in modern culture. Although laboratory tests prove men’s
average superiority in visuospatial tasks and parking requires complex, spatial skills, underlying mechanisms remain unexplored.
Here, we investigated performance of beginners (nine women, eight men) and more experienced drivers (21 women, 27 men) at
different parking manoeuvres. Furthermore, subjects conducted the mental rotation test and self-assessed their parking skills.
We show that men park more accurately and especially faster than women. Performance is related to mental rotation skills and
self-assessment in beginners, but only to self-assessment in more experienced drivers. We assume that, due to differential
feedback, self-assessment incrementally replaces the controlling influence of mental rotation, as parking is trained with
increasing experience. Results suggest that sex differences in spatial cognition persist in real-life situations, but that
socio-psychological factors modulate the biological causes of sex differences. 相似文献
146.
Sebastian Schleidgen Michael C. Jungert Robert H. Bauer 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2010,13(1):59-71
During the 1980s, empirical social sciences and normative theory seemingly converged within ethical debates. This tendency
kindled new debates about the limits and possibilities of empirical-normative collaboration. The article asks for adequate
ways of collaboration by taking a closer look at the philosophy of science of empirical social sciences as well as normative
theory development and its logical groundings. As a result, three possible modes of cooperation are characterized: first,
the empirical assessment of conditions that actually necessitate the translation of normatively derived basic principles into
practice rules; second, the empirical assessment of conditions for application of a moral norm which are formulated by bridging
principles; third, the empirical assessment of social practice which allows (a) to measure whether adopted norms actually
are implemented in practice or not and (b) to encounter new moral problems which are in need of ethical guidance. Finally,
the article defends a symbiotic position in Weaver’s and Trevino's triad of possible approaches to empirical-normative collaboration
in ethics. 相似文献
147.
Dr. phil. Dieter Benninghoven Sebastian Kunzendorf Ilse Heberlein Günter Jantschek 《Psychotherapeut》2006,51(3):206-213
Patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) often show anxiety disorders as comorbid psychologycal disturbances. In a short review we discuss psychosocial aspects of the ICD-implantation. A case study of a 38 year old patient in inpatient treatment is presented for illustration of a cognitive-behavioral treatment method. The psychotherapeutic treatment was carried out in close cooperation with the clinic for cardiology. 相似文献
148.
In this study, the authors examined age-related changes in participants' ability to perceive global spatial structure defined by temporal fine structure among elements undergoing rapid, irregular change. Participants were also tested on a task involving form recognition from luminance contrast and on a task dependent on perception of 3-dimensional shape from motion. Compared with young adults, older individuals were less sensitive to spatial form defined by temporal structure. In contrast, older observers performed as well as young adults on the other two tasks that were not dependent on temporal sensitivity, ruling out nonsensory factors as the cause of the deficits on the temporal structure task. This selective deficit may reveal reduced sensitivity within the temporal impulse response of the aging visual system, a deficit that could be related to reduced effectiveness of neural inhibition. 相似文献
149.
Two aspects of countertransference-namely, the countertransference reaction and empathic understanding-must be distinguished. The term countertransference should be reserved exclusively for the conscious reactions of the analyst emerging from the preconscious by virtue of the patient's current transferences; the term empathy should be used to denote a perspective whereby the analyst employs current countertransference reactions for an understanding of the patient's inner life. 相似文献
150.