The EEG preferential frequency as an indicator of the degree of wakefulness

Ever since electroencephalographic research began, interest has been focused on problems of the physiology, pathology, and symptomatology of the relationship between sleep and wakefulness. Following preliminaries, the present paper describes a combined procedure for the determination of the EEG preferential frequency, and by random sampling statistically examines its suitability for indicating the fluctuations of activation level as a control measure. A trained volunteer gradually increased his degree of wakefulness, reliably producing parallel changes in the preferential frequency in three frequency bands. A standardised manual period analysis as control produced largely the same results. The preferential frequency has considerable value for indicating the degree of wakefulness.     

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Tonometrische Untersuchungen an einem deutschen Volkslied

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TEXT COMPREHENSION RESEARCH TO CLASSROOM APPLICATION: DEVELOPING AN INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUE

Abstract

Reading comprehension skills are routinely taught and they are often learned to a point of “mastery” on criterion referenced tests; but students relatively seldom apply them effectively when they read content‐area materials. In this paper we argue that the problem can best be solved not by abandoning skill‐centered teaching but by discovering ways to help students make effective use of the skills they acquire through skill‐centered instruction. Our approach is to develop procedures for glossing expository text; that is, we are using marginal and other intratext notations‐‐gloss‐‐to direct students’ attention while they read in order to help them internalize, direct, and apply specific skills and strategies. We describe the purpose and rationale for our developmental approach and show how we are attempting to bring research implications to bear on our work.     

Shame,Guilt, and Suicide Ideation among Bondage and Discipline,Dominance and Submission,and Sadomasochism Practitioners: Examining the Role of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide

To date, no study has examined rates of suicide ideation or theory‐based risk factors for suicide ideation among bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadomasochism (BDSM) practitioners. Participants were 321 adults that endorsed BDSM involvement. Thirty‐seven percent of the sample indicated a nonzero level of suicide ideation. Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness (PB) were positively associated with suicide ideation and their interactive effect predicted additional variance in suicide ideation after adjusting for depressive symptoms. Overall, shame and guilt were positively associated with suicide ideation and these relations were mediated by thwarted belongingness and PB in parallel adjusting for depressive symptoms; however, there were some differences between demographic subgroups. Among BDSM practitioners, stigma‐related internalized feelings (i.e., shame and guilt) may be associated with increased thwarted belongingness and PB, which are associated with suicide ideation.