Sean Hughes  Ian Hussey  Bethany Corrigan  Katie Jolie  Carol Murphy  Dermot Barnes‐Holmes 《European journal of social psychology》2016,46(5):632-648

Across four studies, we demonstrate that effects obtained from the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure, like those obtained from other indirect procedures, are not impervious to strategic manipulation. In experiment 1, we found that merely informing participants to “fake” their performance without providing a concrete strategy to do so did not eliminate, reverse, or in any way alter the obtained outcomes. However, when those same instructions orientated attention toward the core parameters of the task, participants spontaneously derived a strategy that allowed them to eliminate their effects (experiment 2). When the participants were provided with a viable response strategy, they successfully reversed the direction of their overall Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure effect (experiment 3). By refining the nature of those instructions, we managed to target and alter individual trial‐type effects in isolation with some success (experiment 4).  相似文献   

    

Christopher Sean Friel 《Modern Theology》2015,31(3):469-487

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Nick Hammond  Jean Mckendree  Peter Scott 《Behavior research methods》1996,28(2):336-340

PsyCLE is a 3-year project involving over 30 United Kingdom universities to develop multimedia resources for introductory psychology courses. Our goal is to support active learning and encourage students to form a sound understanding of concepts under study. The developments focus on interactive tasks, illustrative case study material, and tools to support critical thinking and analysis. We discuss the rationale for the approach adopted and describe the developed resources and their evaluation and use.  相似文献   

    

Jacqueline S. Mattis  Wizdom Powell Hammond  Nyasha Grayman  Meredith Bonacci  William Brennan  Sheri-Ann Cowie  Lina Ladyzhenskaya  Sara So 《American journal of community psychology》2009,43(1-2):71-84

Contemporary social science paints a bleak picture of inner-city relational life. Indeed, the relationships of low-income, urban-residing Americans are represented as rife with distress, violence and family disruption. At present, no body of social scientific work systematically examines the factors that promote loving or selfless interactions among low-income, inner-city American individuals, families and communities. In an effort to fill that gap, this ethnographic study examined the motivations for altruism among a sample of adults (n = 40) who reside in an economically distressed housing community (i.e., housing project) in New York City. Content analyses of interviews indicated that participants attributed altruism to an interplay between 14 motives that were then ordered into four overarching categories of motives: (1) needs-centered motives, (2) norm-based motives deriving from religious/spiritual ideology, relationships and personal factors, (3) abstract motives (e.g., humanism), and (4) sociopolitical factors. The implications of these findings are discussed.  相似文献   

    

Sean Valentine 《Journal of applied social psychology》2006,36(1):206-221

This study investigated the relationships among Hispanics' self‐esteem, acculturation, and skepticism of women's employment. Using a sample of Hispanic students, mediated regression analysis was initiated to determine whether acculturation mediated a proposed negative relationship between self‐esteem and traditional gender attitudes. The results indicated that self‐esteem and acculturation were positively related; self‐esteem and employment skepticism were negatively related; and self‐esteem was unrelated to employment skepticism in the presence of acculturation, which supported full mediation. Organizations should consider using a combination of diversity training, employee assistance programs, career counseling, and job‐enrichment policies to facilitate Hispanics' self‐esteem and acculturation, and these efforts might lead ultimately to greater acceptance of women's employment.  相似文献   

    

David Canter  Laura Hammond 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2006,3(2):91-103

Many studies have shown that distributions of the distances that offenders travel in the commission of their offences are typically characterised by a decay function. However, there are few empirical comparisons of the different mathematical functions which may characterise such distributions. Further, there has been little consideration of what different forms of function may reflect about the underlying factors and psychological processes governing this aspect of the journey to crime. With the increasing use of geographical profiling systems which incorporate decay functions into their calculations, it is particularly of value to explore the most appropriate mathematics for describing the frequencies of crime journeys and to determine the impact of different decay functions on the effectiveness of a geographical profiling system. A two‐stage study was therefore carried out using data derived from 96 US serial killers. In the first stage three different decay functions were examined, in terms of the extent to which they fitted a distribution of the distances travelled to offend for the sample; logarithmic, in accordance with Steven's ‘Power Law’ for distance estimation; negative exponential as an estimate based on the ‘friction’ generated by journeys; and quadratic, which reflects key principles found from journey to crime research. A ‘control’ function, simple negative linear, was also tested against the data. It was found the logarithmic function provided the closest approximation to the journey to crime distances of offenders in the present sample (R² = 0.81, p < 0.001), suggesting that distance estimations may be an important part of the explanation for the length of the crime trips that offenders make. In the second stage, all four functions were utilised within a geographical profiling system (Dragnet) and their impact on the search cost for locating an offender established for the whole sample. In general it was found that the search cost function, which relates the proportion of the sample to the search cost, was positively monotonic with a distinct change in gradients around 58% of the sample, indicating that the software was producing useful results in the majority of cases. However, although the logarithmic function produced the best results overall, and the linear function the worst, as hypothesised, no significant differences between the search costs were found when each of the different functions was utilised. The implications for the robustness of the software and the possible influence of the low precision of the raw data are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

  总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kidd S  Henrich CC  Brookmeyer KA  Davidson L  King RA  Shahar G 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2006,36(4):386-395

An ecological developmental model of adolescent suicidality was used to inform a hierarchical logistic regression analysis of longitudinal interactions between parent, peer, and school relations and suicide attempts. Reanalyzing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, it was found that parent relations were the most consistent protective factor, and among boys with prior suicide attempts, school relations augmented the effects of parent relations when peer relations were low. Results indicated the need to understand suicidal behavior as a component of interactive social processes in the design of clinical interventions.  相似文献   

    

Sean J. Jules  Dawn E. McQuiston 《Journal of applied social psychology》2013,43(4):741-748

This study examined how speech style and occupational status affect mock jurors' assessments of eyewitness testimony. Mock jurors (n = 120) watched a video of a man testifying about witnessing an attempted robbery. The eyewitness exhibited either a powerless or powerful speech style and reported either a high or low (or no) status occupation during his testimony. Results indicated that high occupation status and powerful speech style led to more favorable evaluations of the eyewitness's testimony and of the case against the defendant than powerless speech style and low/no occupation status. Implications of these results on considerations of eyewitness testimony and future research are discussed.  相似文献   

    

Daniel J. O’Rourke  Ronald E. Smith  Frank L. Smoll  Sean P. Cumming 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(4):398-412

We assessed the role of parental behaviors on sport performance anxiety. Measures of trait anxiety, parental pressure, and parent-initiated motivational climate were administered to youth swimmers throughout the season. High parental pressure within either a low mastery or a high ego motivational climate was associated with the highest levels of anxiety at all time points. An early-season, high-pressure/low-mastery combination was also associated with relative increases in anxiety over the season, whereas high pressure within a high mastery climate was associated with relative decreases. Results indicate that parental pressure can have differential effects depending upon motivational climate.  相似文献   

    

Sean Enda Power 《European Journal of Philosophy》2013,21(1):94-117

Abstract: We seem to directly perceive external things. But can we? According to the time‐lag argument, we cannot. What we directly perceive happens now. There is a time‐lag between our perceptions and the external things we seem to directly perceive; these external things happen in the past; thus, what we directly perceive must be something else, for example, sense‐data, and we can only at best indirectly perceive other things. This paper examines the time‐lag argument given contemporary metaphysics. I argue that this argument is not as compelling as it may initially seem. First, it denies that what we directly perceive can ever be what it seems to be; second, it conflicts with the current physical conception of time, relativity theory. This latter point leads to a more general one: the argument's force depends on a particular metaphysical conception on time, presentism, which is controversial in contemporary metaphysics of time. Given the alternative conception, eternalism, the argument is much less compelling. The overall argument of this paper, then, is that, if one wishes to hold that we directly perceive external things, we should subscribe to the latter view of time, i.e., eternalism.  相似文献