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901.
Scott L. Horton 《Journal of Adult Development》2002,9(4):277-290
Five new or returning midlife university students were asked to provide metaphors describing their experience of midlife change, change indicated by their attending university at this point in their lives. Five resulting portraits (S. Lawrence-Lightfoot & J. H. Davis, 1997) were created, based on participant-invoked metaphors: personal rebellion against colonization, stage productions, collection and accumulation, journey home, and alchemy and metamorphosis. The portraits indicate that even from within widely divergent metaphoric conceptualizations, the respondents all find midlife to be an active, positive, and hopeful period of life. For them midlife is decidedly neither crisis nor dull plateau. Further, given the richness of the metaphor use, the study demonstrates the desirability of listening carefully to and moreover expressly soliciting metaphoric usage, in order to more fully understand people's inner realities. Finally, the portraits reveal that the participants' metaphoric conceptions are deeply imbedded in their lives, past and current, and as such identify life themes. 相似文献
902.
Statistical analysis of timing errors. 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Human rhythmic activities are variable. Cycle-to-cycle fluctuations form the behavioral observable. Traditional analysis focuses on statistical measures such as mean and variance. In this article we show that, by treating the fluctuations as a time series, one can apply techniques such as power spectra and rescaled range analysis to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the remarkable abilities of humans to perform a variety of rhythmic movements, from maintaining memorized temporal patterns to anticipating and timing their movements to predictable sensory stimuli. 相似文献
903.
ABSTRACT— People have long believed that adversity and stress contribute to emotional problems in general and to depression in particular. A considerable body of research has supported this intuition, documenting a consistent association between major stressful life events and the onset of clinical depression. However, most individuals under stress do not become depressed, sometimes depression develops without prior stress, and distinguishing psychological distress from major depression can be diagnostically challenging. In varying forms and degrees, life stress may play multiple roles in relation to major depression. In this article, we outline the opportunities and obstacles associated with conceptualizing depression from a life-stress perspective and discuss the implications for future research. 相似文献
904.
ABSTRACT— Experience with certain types of faces during the first year of development defines which types of faces are more efficiently recognized later in life. In work described here, we found that infants who learned to recognize six monkey faces individually (i.e., each face was individually labeled) over a 3-month period maintained the ability to discriminate monkey faces. However, infants who learned these same six faces categorically (i.e., all faces were labeled "monkey") or were simply exposed to these faces (i.e., faces were not labeled) showed a decline in the ability to discriminate monkey faces. These results suggest that experience individuating faces from 6 to 9 months of age, via labeling, critically shapes the perceptual representation that is responsible for later recognition and discrimination of faces. 相似文献
905.
W. M. Alex McIntosh Sarah Schulz Wesley Dean Morgan H. Scott Kerry S. Barling Isao Takei 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2009,19(1):51-67
This cross‐sectional survey research study examined the role moral beliefs play in predicting behavioural beliefs and attitudes and the role that subjective norms play in predicting moral beliefs. Using a self‐administered questionnaire, one hundred and three feedlot veterinarians completed measures of behavioural beliefs, referent others, perceived constraints and moral beliefs regarding recommendations to use antimicrobials in four situations (i.e. acutely sick cattle, chronically sick cattle, at‐risk cattle and high‐risk cattle). Regression analysis and F‐tests indicate moral beliefs as contributing significant increases in R2 to models predicting behavioural beliefs regarding antimicrobial use in each situation. In addition, subjective norms contribute a significant increase in R2 in models predicting moral beliefs in each of the four situations. The results indicate the effects of moral beliefs on behavioural beliefs are somewhat contingent on the condition; that is the level of risk associated with treating cattle with antimicrobials, the level of risk of not doing so, and the effectiveness of the antimicrobial in situations such as acute illness or being at‐risk of illness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
906.
Lara R. Robinson Amanda Sheffield Morris Sherryl Scott Heller Michael S. Scheeringa Neil W. Boris Anna T. Smyke 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(4):421-434
Young maltreated children, birth to three years, represent the age group with the highest rates of maltreatment in the United
States (ACYF 2007). There are few studies to date that have investigated early childhood maltreatment and its effects on emotion
regulatory processes and psychopathology. In response, the current investigation uses a dyadic assessment procedure to examine
the relationship between parenting, emotion regulation, and symptoms of psychopathology among maltreating and non-maltreating
parent–child interactions. The participants in this study were 123 children (66 maltreated and 57 nonmaltreated) from ages
1–3. Child and parent affect and child effortful control were observed during a parent–child interaction task. Symptoms of
psychopathology were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist. The maltreated children exhibited more anger, more internalizing
symptomatology, and less positive affect compared to non-maltreated children. Among maltreated children, emotion dysregulation
was associated with internalizing symptomatology. Moreover, these data reveal parental positive affect was associated with
lower child internalizing symptomatology and parental anger was associated with higher child internalizing symptomatology
in the entire sample. This investigation offers evidence that emotion dysregulation subsequent to poor dyadic interactions
is associated with early child maltreatment. These data suggest that maltreated children experience difficulties in emotion
regulation which may be related to their higher levels of behavioral symptomatology. 相似文献
907.
Jennifer J. Muehlenkamp Scott G. Engel Andrea Wadeson Stephen A. Wonderlich Heather Simonich 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(1):83-87
Bulimia nervosa and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) co-occur at high rates, and both have been conceptualized as maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Treatments focusing on emotion regulation have been designed for both problem behaviors, yet, there exists very little research examining the temporal emotional states surrounding acts of NSSI. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methodology, the current study examined the temporal association between positive and negative emotional states prior to and consequent to acts of NSSI within a subset of bulimia nervosa patients. Results indicate significant increases in negative affect, and decreases in positive affect, prior to an NSSI act. Post-NSSI, positive affect significantly increased while negative affect remained unchanged. The findings offer partial support for an emotion regulation paradigm to understanding NSSI within bulimic populations and implications for treatment are discussed. 相似文献
908.
Scott S. Hall Natalee P. Maynes Allan L. Reiss 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(1):171-176
Aversion to eye contact is a common behavior of individuals diagnosed with Fragile X syndrome (FXS); however, no studies to date have attempted to increase eye‐contact duration in these individuals. In this study, we employed a percentile reinforcement schedule with and without overcorrection to shape eye‐contact duration of 6 boys with FXS. Results showed that although aversion to eye contact is often thought to be unamenable to change in FXS, it can be shaped in some individuals using percentile schedules either alone or in combination with overcorrection. 相似文献
909.
In this article, the importance of conducting a religious and spiritual assessment in counseling is considered. Some essential dimensions of religion and spirituality to assess are described. The authors recommend assessment questions that can be asked during clinical interviews or included on written intake questionnaires. They also briefly describe a few standardized religious and spiritual assessment instruments. Finally, they offer suggestions for conducting spiritual assessments in school settings. 相似文献
910.
Using OLS regression we model predictors of housework hours for 393 Mexican origin and Anglo families from California and Arizona. Contradicting cultural theories, Mexican origin mothers performed less housework when they were employed more hours, had higher relative earnings, and when husbands had more education. Mexican origin fathers performed more housework when family income was lower, wives contributed a larger share of earnings, and fathers had more egalitarian gender ideals. Fathers’ employment hours, wives’ gender attitudes, and familism were not significantly associated with housework hours in Mexican origin families, but were significant in Anglo families. Unique features of the study include analysis of generational status, gatekeeping, and familism. Theoretical reasons for attitudes and socioeconomic status predicting housework are discussed. 相似文献