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151.
152.
Discriminative stimulus location as a determinant of positive and negative behavioral contrast in the pigeon 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Schwartz B 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1975,23(2):167-176
Four pigeons were exposed to a series of two-component multiple schedules of reinforcement that ordinarily yield positive and negative behavioral contrast. The stimuli that signalled the component schedules were sometimes located on the response key and sometimes off. Positive behavioral contrast was observed only when the stimuli were on the key. Negative contrast was observed independent of stimulus location. These data suggest that positive and negative contrast may be causally unrelated, and support an account of contrast in terms of the summation of key pecks that are separately controlled by response-reinforcer and stimulus-reinforcer dependencies. 相似文献
153.
This report summarizes an experiment designed to study the disruptive effects on immediate recall of interfering with the ability to scan ahead. Sentences were printed on paper tape which was pulled through a window, the size of which could be controlled. There were two exposure widths, three rates of tape movement, and three types of material which varied in length: equational and transitive sentences as well as random strings of words. Errors increase as the exposure width is decreased, and the magnitude of the disruptive effect is most marked for the longer sentences and the faster rate of presentation. A possible explanation is advanced emphasizing the likelihood that Ss store information in a sensory register and scan that register in order to segment sentences into phrases, phrases into words, and words into smaller functional units. As one limits exposure width, one interferes with the transfer of information into the sensory register and with the processing of information after it is stored in the register. 相似文献
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Stephen P. Schwartz 《Synthese》1989,80(3):395-406
I would like to thank Terence Horgan, William Throop and especially my wife, Diane Schwartz, for helpful suggestions for improving this paper and for valuable and insightful discussions on the topic of vagueness. I would also like to thank Ithaca College for generously supporting the work on this paper with a Summer Research Grant. 相似文献
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The notion that verbal ability is related to mental processing speed was examined using tasks that systematically varied in
semantic content. Subjects’ reaction times were measured in five tasks involving arrow matching, physical identity word matching,
or taxonomic identity word matching. The findings indicated that matching tasks using different decision rules and different
stimuli were all related to verbal ability. In fact, reaction time for subjects required to judge whether two arrows pointed
in the same direction was the best predictor of verbal ability. One explanation of the results is that speed of information
processing (a general factor) may be the important component of verbal ability which is measured by seemingly different matching
tasks. 相似文献