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Ursula Running Bear Eva Marie Garroutte Janette Beals Carol E. Kaufman Spero M. Manson 《Mental health, religion & culture》2018,21(3):274-287
Spirituality measures often show positive associations with preferred mental health outcomes in the general population; however, research among American Indians (AIs) is limited. We examined the relationships of mental health status and two measures of spirituality – the Midlife Development Inventory (MIDI) and a tribal cultural spirituality measure – in Northern Plains AIs, aged 15–54 (n?=?1636). While the MIDI was unassociated with mental health status, the tribal cultural spirituality measure showed a significant relationship with better mental health status. Mental health conditions disproportionately affect AIs. Understanding protective factors such as cultural spirituality that can mitigate mental health disorders is critical to reducing these health disparities. 相似文献
66.
Dreaming and waking are two brain-mind states, which are characterized by shared and differentiated properties at the levels of brain and consciousness. As part of our effort to capitalize on a comparison of these two states we have applied Edelman's distinction between primary and secondary consciousness, which we link to dreaming and waking respectively. In this paper we examine the implications of this contrastive analysis for theories of mental illness. We conclude that while dreaming is an almost perfect model of organic psychosis, it is less so for schizophrenia and major affective disorder where it must serve a primarily heuristic role helping us to model hallucinations and delusions but not the diseases themselves. 相似文献
67.
Debarnot U Castellani E Valenza G Sebastiani L Guillot A 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2011,11(4):541-550
Sleep is known to contribute to motor memory consolidation. Recent studies have provided evidence that a night of sleep plays
a similar functional role following motor imagery (MI), while the simple passage of time does not result in performance gains.
Here, we examined the benefits of a daytime nap on motor memory consolidation after MI practice. Participants were trained
by MI on an explicitly known sequence of finger movements at 11:00. Half of the participants were then subjected (at 14:00)
to either a short nap (10 min of stage 2 sleep) or a long nap (60–90 min, including slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement
sleep). We also collected data from both quiet and active rest control groups. All participants remained in the lab until
being retested at 16:00. The data revealed that a daytime nap after imagery practice improved motor performance and, therefore,
facilitated motor memory consolidation, as compared with spending a similar time interval in the wake state. Interestingly,
the results revealed that both short and long naps resulted in similar delayed performance gains. The data might also suggest
that the presence of slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep does not provide additional benefits for the sleep-dependent motor
skill consolidation following MI practice. 相似文献
68.
Laughing at oneself is considered a core component of the sense of humor in the theories of several authors. In McGhee's (1996) eight-step-training program of the sense of humor, laughing at oneself constitutes one of the most difficult levels. However, until now, only little empirical evidence on laughing at oneself exists. Using a multimethod approach, in the current study, 70 psychology students and a total of 126 peers filled in the Sense of Humor Scale (SHS, McGhee, 1996), containing as a subscale "Laughing at oneself". In addition, the participants answered the Trait and State forms of the State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory (STCI, Ruch, K?hler, & van Thriel, 1996; Ruch, K?hler, & van Thriel, 1997). They then were confronted with six distorted images of themselves. Facial responses of the participants were videotaped and analyzed using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS, Ekman, Friesen, & Hager, 2002). Four indicators of exhilaration were examined: (a) experienced funniness, (b) AU12 smiles, (c) Duchenne displays, and (d) laughter. Furthermore, fake and masking smiles were studied. Results demonstrated that self- and peer reports of "laughing at oneself" converged moderately. All four indicators of exhilaration were shown, but funniness and laughter seemed to be the most strongly related indicators. Trait cheerfulness and (low) seriousness, and a cheerful mood state formed further characteristics of persons who laugh at themselves. 相似文献
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Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Hans-Ludwig Kr?ber Dr. Ursula Guth 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2011,5(2):90-97
A working group from the states of Berlin and Brandenburg has worked out benchmarks for the structural organization of detention and reprimand for people who have been sentenced to preventive detention in addition to the actual punishment. Decisive for this from the very beginning was the idea to maintain the aim of social reintegration of convicted persons and to adapt the execution of preventive detention not only formally to the guidelines of the European Court of Human Rights. 相似文献
70.
Domes G Heinrichs M Rimmele U Reichwald U Hautzinger M 《Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,7(3):173-181
Some studies suggest that stress-induced effects of cortisol on memory are modulated by the valence of the stimuli to be learned and retrieved. The present study investigated the effect of acute stress-induced cortisol secretion on acquisition and retrieval of pleasant, unpleasant and neutral words. Sixty healthy men were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental groups. Participants were either exposed to a standardized laboratory stressor (the Trier Social Stress Test) before learning a wordlist, or before retrieval, or were not stressed. Free recall and recognition were tested 24 h later. Free recall was not affected by stress exposure. For recognition, there was no main effect of the stressor, but a main effect of valence and a valence by group interaction emerged: recognition for positive words was significantly impaired when subjects were stressed before retrieval. In addition, a positive correlation between the cortisol response and errors of commission was found. The results suggest that acute stress impairs memory for positive stimuli and that stress-induced cortisol secretion interferes with accuracy of memory retrieval, i.e. the ability to discriminate true memories from false ones. 相似文献