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91.
Depression-era bank suspensions and failures are conceptualized as products of the first part of what Polanyi (1994) called "The Great Transformation," which involved an imbalanced institutional arrangement in which the economy dominated other institutions. Relying on Durkheim (1897/1951) and Merton (1938, 1968), it is argued that these banking problems accentuated the type of chronic anomie that Durkheim theorized would create normative deregulation and elevated suicide rates over the long-term. Results from county-level analyses are supportive as the 1930 bank suspension rate is positively related to the 2000 suicide rate, controlling for contemporary and historical factors. The mediating roles of integration and chronic anomie are considered, with the latter measured using data from the geocoded General Social Survey. 相似文献
92.
Jacob Wolf Elizabeth Nutt Williams Megan Darby Jonathan Herald Catherine Schultz 《Sex roles》2018,78(5-6):439-450
Feminist multicultural therapy is an integrative approach to psychotherapy that emphasizes a systems-level understanding of psychological distress and the process of therapeutic change. In the present exploratory study, the experiences of feminist multicultural therapists working with male clients were studied using Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) (Hill et al. 1997). Phone interviews were conducted with eight female practicing licensed or license-eligible therapists who had worked with at least one male client in the past 6 months. Consistent with the theoretical approach, all of the therapists interviewed expressed their belief that psychological symptoms can be seen as a reaction to a loss of power or related to the effects of an oppressive system. Additionally, the therapists believed that this theoretical model is broad enough to be used with varying types of intersecting social identities. The findings illustrate the ways in which the counseling approach may work similarly across genders, as well as ways in which one’s therapeutic approach may be altered when working specifically with men. Implications for therapists who work with male clients (both the rewards and the challenges) as well as for researchers who wish to study the application of therapeutic interventions with men are discussed. 相似文献
93.
94.
Numerous studies implicate superior temporal sulcus (STS) in the perception of human movement. More recent theories hold that STS is also involved in the understanding of human movement. However, almost no studies to date have associated STS function with observable variability in action understanding. The present study directly associated STS activity with performance on a challenging task requiring the interpretation of human movement. During functional MRI scanning, fourteen adults were asked to identify the direction (left or right) in which either a point-light walking figure or spinning wheel were moving. The task was made challenging by perturbing the dot trajectories to a level (determined via pretesting) where each participant achieved 72% accuracy. The walking figure condition was associated with increased activity in a constellation of social information processing and biological motion areas, including STS, MT+/V5, right pars opercularis (inferior frontal gyrus), fusiform gyrus, and amygdala. Correctly answered walking figure trials were uniquely associated with increased activity in two right hemisphere STS clusters and right amygdala. Present findings provide some of the strongest evidence to date that STS plays a critical role in the successful interpretation of human movement. 相似文献
95.
Estrada-Hollenbeck M Woodcock A Hernandez PR Schultz PW 《Journal of educational psychology》2011,103(1):206-222
Students from several ethnic minority groups are underrepresented in the sciences, such that minority students more frequently drop out of the scientific career path than non-minority students. Viewed from a perspective of social influence, this pattern suggests that minority students do not integrate into the scientific community at the same rate as non-minority students. Kelman (1958, 2006) describes a tripartite integration model of social influence (TIMSI) by which a person orients to a social system. To test if this model predicts integration into the scientific community, we conducted analyses of data from a national panel of minority science students. A structural equation model framework showed that self-efficacy (operationalized consistent with Kelman's 'rule-orientation') predicted student intentions to pursue a scientific career. However, when identification as a scientist and internalization of values are added to the model, self-efficacy becomes a poorer predictor of intention. Additional mediation analyses support the conclusion that while having scientific self-efficacy is important, identifying with and endorsing the values of the social system reflect a deeper integration and more durable motivation to persist as a scientist. 相似文献
96.
Inge-Marie Eigsti Jillian Schuh Einar Mencl Robert T. Schultz Rhea Paul 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(6):600-617
This study examines the processing of prosodic cues to linguistic structure and to affect, drawing on fMRI and behavioral data from 16 high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and 11 typically developing controls. Stimuli were carefully matched on pitch, intensity, and duration, while varying systematically in conditions of affective prosody (angry versus neutral speech) and grammatical prosody (questions versus statement). To avoid conscious attention to prosody, which normalizes responses in young people with ASD, the implicit comprehension task directed attention to semantic aspects of the stimuli. Results showed that when perceiving prosodic cues, both affective and grammatical, activation of neural regions was more generalized in ASD than in typical development, and areas recruited reflect heightened reliance on cognitive control, reading of intentions, attentional management, and visualization. This broader recruitment of executive and “mind-reading” brain areas for a relative simple language-processing task may be interpreted to suggest that speakers with high-functioning autism (HFA) have developed less automaticity in language processing and may also suggest that “mind-reading” or theory of mind deficits are intricately bound up in language processing. Data provide support for both a right-lateralized as well as a bilateral model of prosodic processing in typical individuals, depending upon the function of the prosodic information. 相似文献
97.
Schultz LT Heimberg RG Rodebaugh TL Schneier FR Liebowitz MR Telch MJ 《Behavior Therapy》2006,37(4):392-405
The Appraisal of Social Concerns (ASC) Scale was created by Telch et al. (2004) to improve upon existing self-report measures of social anxiety–related cognition. In a largely nonclinical sample, the ASC was found to possess three factors and was psychometrically sound. In a smaller clinical sample, the ASC demonstrated sensitivity to the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy. In the present study, the psychometric properties of the ASC were examined in a larger sample of patients with social anxiety disorder. In this sample, the ASC exhibited a 2-factor structure; the nature of the factors was similar to the primary factors originally reported by Telch et al. The ASC also demonstrated strong validity, internal consistency, and sensitivity to treatment effects. It is concluded that the ASC may be useful in the assessment of cognition and cognitive change in patients with social anxiety disorder. 相似文献
98.
The influence of exploration mode, orientation, and configuration on the haptic Müller-Lyer illusion
Heller MA McCarthy M Schultz J Greene J Shanley M Clark A Skoczylas S Prociuk J 《Perception》2005,34(12):1475-1500
We studied the impact of manner of exploration, orientation, spatial position, and configuration on the haptic Müller-Lyer illusion. Blindfolded sighted subjects felt raised-line Müller-Lyer and control stimuli. The stimuli were felt by tracing with the index finger, free exploration, grasping with the index finger and thumb, or by measuring with the use of any two or more fingers. For haptic judgments of extent a sliding tangible ruler was used. The illusion was present in all exploration conditions, with overestimation of the wings-out compared to wings-in stimuli. Tracing with the index finger reduced the magnitude of the illusion. However, tracing and grasping induced an overall underestimation of size. The illusion was greatly attenuated when stimuli were felt with the index fingers of both hands. Illusory misperception was not altered by the position in space of the Müller-Lyer stimuli. No effects of changes in the thickness of the line shaft were found, but there were effects of the length of the wing endings for the smaller, 5.1 cm stimuli. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献
99.
This study explored parent-adolescent conflict during the early years of adolescence (ages 11 to 14). The responses of 357 youths in Grades 6, 7, and 8 to the Issues Checklist (Prinz, Foster, Kent, & O'Leary, 1979) revealed frequent conflicts with parents over a sizable number of issues during this period, peaking in Grade 7 between parents and sons, with exchanges between parents and daughters consistently more than those with sons across the three grades. There was considerable variation in both the frequency and intensity of conflict across specific issues. In addition, a consistent pattern of gender-typing was observed in conflicts between parents and daughters, reflecting traditional gender role stereotypes. The results of this study point to the importance of examining both the frequency and intensity of conflict, the specific issues over which there is conflict, and the gender of the participants in order to more fully understand the nature of parent-adolescent conflict during early adolescence. 相似文献
100.
Age and motives for volunteering: testing hypotheses derived from socioemotional selectivity theory 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Following a meta-analysis of the relations between age and volunteer motives (career, understanding, enhancement, protective, making friends, social, and values), the authors tested hypotheses derived from socioemotional selectivity theory regarding the effects of age on these volunteer motives. The Volunteer Functions Inventory was completed by 523 volunteers from 2 affiliates of the International Habitat for Humanity. Multiple regression analyses revealed, as predicted, that as age increases, career and understanding volunteer motivation decrease and social volunteer motivation increases. Contrary to expectations, age did not contribute to the prediction of enhancement, protective, and values volunteer motivations and the relation between age and making friends volunteer motivation was nonlinear. The results were discussed in the context of age-differential and age-similarity perspectives on volunteer motivation. 相似文献