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161.
Frings C Göbel A Mast F Sutter J Bermeitinger C Wentura D 《Memory (Hove, England)》2011,19(6):585-596
Marginally perceptible prototypes as primes lead to slowed reactions to related category exemplars as compared to unrelated ones. This at first glance counterintuitive finding has been interpreted as evidence for a particular mechanism of lateral inhibition, namely the centre surround inhibition mechanism. We investigated the semantic surround of category labels by experimentally manipulating the prototypicality of stimuli. Participants first learned two new categories of fantasy creatures in a 5-day-long learning phase before they worked through a semantic priming task with the category prototypes as primes and category exemplars as targets. For high-prototypical targets we observed benefit effects from related primes, whereas for low-prototypical targets we observed cost effects. The results define when the centre surround inhibition mechanism is applied, and furthermore might explain why previous studies with word stimuli (i.e., material that prevents experimental manipulation of prototypicality) observed mixed results concerning the prototypicality of targets. 相似文献
162.
Peer observation, while often used in other professions, has not been formally applied in genetic counseling. The objective
of this study was to pilot a method of peer evaluation whereby genetic counselors observed, and were observed by, each other
during patient interaction. All of the available genetic counselors participated in both rounds of the pilot study (six in
round one, seven in round two). The genetic counselors that observed the session used an observation room. Most participants
reported learning a new skill. Sensitivity to, and comfort with, the feedback process improved. We conclude that Peer-Observed
Interaction and Structured Evaluation (POISE) provides an opportunity to refresh counseling approaches and develop feedback
skills without causing undue team discord. This new approach to peer supervision in genetic counselling offers a live observation
approach for genetic counsellor supervision. 相似文献
163.
Elder JH Donaldson SO Kairalla J Valcante G Bendixen R Ferdig R Self E Walker J Palau C Serrano M 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(3):263-271
Literature regarding fathers of children with autism remains sparse, and because mothers are the more common intervening parent,
few training methods have focused on fathers. Thus, we sought to evaluate effects of in-home training directed at fathers
and their ability to train mothers in the same manner in which they were trained. Fathers were taught four skills commonly
associated with in-home training interventions for parents of children with autism: following the child’s lead, imitation
with animation, commenting on the child, and expectant waiting. Father skills were evaluated twice a week for 12 weeks during
videotaped in-home father–child play sessions. Analyses included visual inspection of graphed data and statistical analyses
of father skill acquisition, mother skill acquisition, and child behaviors with both parents. A multivariate repeated measures
analysis of 18 dyads revealed significant increases in frequencies of fathers’ imitation with animation, expectant waiting,
and commenting on the child. Child initiating rates increased significantly as did frequencies of child non-speech vocalizations.
Analysis of mothers revealed significant increases in frequencies of imitation with animation, expectant waiting, and following
the child’s lead. Child behaviors had similar results for father and mother sessions. Findings are consistent with those from
our first study indicating that fathers can effectively implement skills that promote father–child social interactions and
that children respond positively to this approach. 相似文献
164.
Weissman SM Bellcross C Bittner CC Freivogel ME Haidle JL Kaurah P Leininger A Palaniappan S Steenblock K Vu TM Daniels MS 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(1):5-19
Lynch syndrome is the most common hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome and the most common cause of hereditary endometrial cancer. Identifying and evaluating families for Lynch syndrome is increasing in complexity due to the recognition that: family history-based clinical criteria lack sensitivity and specificity; genetic testing for Lynch syndrome continues to evolve as understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying it evolves; and the Lynch syndrome phenotype encompasses multiple organ systems and demonstrates overlap with other hereditary cancer syndromes. This document is a summary of considerations when evaluating individuals and families for Lynch syndrome, including information on cancer risks, diagnostic criteria, tumor and genetic testing strategies, and the management of individuals with this condition. 相似文献
165.
Christina M. Rodriguez 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(5):631-639
Although considerable research has investigated parenting stress and children’s externalizing behavior problems, comparatively
less has considered parenting stress in relation to children’s internalizing difficulties. Even less research on parenting
stress has incorporated children’s report of their internalizing symptoms or the potential mediating role of children’s attributional
style. The current study hypothesized that children’s independent reports of internalizing symptoms would be associated with
mothers’ reports of parenting stress through children’s attributional style. A community sample of 92 mother–child dyads participated.
Results suggest maternal parenting stress from both child and parent sources were significantly associated with children’s
anxious and depressive symptoms. Parenting stress was associated with children’s internalizing symptoms partially mediated
by children’s maladaptive attributional style, primarily negative attributions for positive outcomes. Findings are discussed
in terms of future directions to tease apart specific areas of parenting stress that may be most pertinent as well as to explore
other cognitive mechanisms in children that may relate to parenting stress and children’s adjustment. 相似文献
166.
Psychometric properties of the Miranda Rights Comprehension Instruments with a juvenile justice sample 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article describes the psychometric properties of the Miranda Rights Comprehension Instruments, the revised version of Grisso's Miranda instruments. The original instruments demonstrated good reliability and validity in a normative sample. The revised instruments updated the content of the original instruments and were administered to a sample of 183 youth in pre- and postadjudication facilities. Analyses were conducted to establish the psychometric properties of the revised instruments and included similar analyses to those conducted by Grisso, as well as additional calculations (e.g., standard errors of measurement, intraclass correlation coefficients, Kappa coefficients). Results revealed sound psychometric properties, similar to those observed for the original instruments. 相似文献
167.
Ann M. Peiffer Christina E. Hugenschmidt Paul J. Laurienti 《Science and engineering ethics》2011,17(2):289-297
The demand for science trainees to have appropriate responsible conduct of research instruction continues to increase the
attention shown by federal agencies and graduate school programs to the development of effective ethics curriculums. However,
it is important to consider that the main learning environment for science graduate students and post-doctoral research fellows
is within a laboratory setting. Here we discuss an internal laboratory program of weekly 15-minute ethics discussions implemented
and used over the last 3 years in addition to the graduate school’s program of scientific integrity training. During this
time, the environment and culture within our laboratory has changed to place greater emphasis on the ethical implications
of our own research and the research we evaluate. We still struggle with how to accurately assess this behavioral change;
although, we present preliminary survey results on the evaluation and impact of this style of curriculum for ethics instruction
in our laboratory. 相似文献
168.
Christina R. Galvin Angela Brooks‐Livingston 《Adultspan: Theory Research & Practice》2011,10(1):14-23
This article examines the impact of childhood sexual abuse on young adult lesbians' sexual identity and their recovery from chemical dependency. The authors recommend that counselors assess for sexual orientation (past and present), sexual abuse, and possible dual diagnosis. Implications for counselors are discussed. 相似文献
169.
This study provides implicit verb causality norms for a corpus of 305 English verbs. A web-based sentence completion study
was conducted, with 96 respondents completing fragments such as “John liked Mary because...” The resulting bias scores are
provided as supplementary material in the Psychonomic Society Archive, where we also present lexical and semantic verb features,
such as the frequency, semantic class and emotional valence. Our results replicate those of previous studies with much smaller
numbers of verbs and respondents. Novel effects of gender and its interaction with verb valence illustrate the type of issues
that can be investigated using stable norms for a large number of verbs. The corpus will facilitate future studies in a range
of areas, including psycholinguistics and social psychology. 相似文献
170.
Previous researchers have studied meditation practices as a means to understand consciousness as well as altered states of
consciousness. Various meditation techniques, such as Transcendental Meditation (TM) and Qigong, have been explored with source
localization tools; however, the concentrative meditation technique has yet to be fully studied in this manner. The current
study demonstrates findings, which outline differential activation in a self-referential default network during meditation
in participants who espouse themselves as regular concentrative meditation practitioners, as well as comparisons with a control
group practicing a modified version of the relaxation response. The results are compared with other putative experimental
findings employing other meditation techniques, and the findings outlined in the current study are discussed with respect
to changes in perceptual awareness often reported by meditators. 相似文献