Spinoza's PSR as a Principle of Clear and Distinct Representation

It is argued first, that Spinoza's Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) is best seen as an auxiliary premise and not as an axiom of the Ethics; second, that Spinoza held the PSR to be a self‐evident truth that indicates a necessary condition for clearly and distinctly representing the existence or non‐existence of a thing; and third, that this interpretation of Spinoza's PSR explains the near absence of the PSR within the demonstrations of the Ethics as well as the importance of the principle in Spinoza's thought.     

The Role of Contiguity in Free-Operant Unsignaled Delay of Positive Reinforcement: A Brief Review

The Psychological Record - The temporal contiguity between responses and consequences is an important variable in operant conditioning. This paper examines a selected portion of the empirical...