Standards der sozialmedizinischen Leistungsbegutachtung in der Psychosomatischen Medizin und Psychotherapie

Sociomedical problems are playing an increasingly important role in both psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy and in psychiatry. The present article examines the standards relating to content and method in sociomedical assessments, primarily in the discipline of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy. The focus is on the assessment of performance, highlighting the fact that performance and performance deficits cannot primarily be derived from the medical diagnosis; instead, psychosocial variables that influence the processes of dealing with disease in particular affect the actual performance status. The article pays particular attention to aspects that aggravate or dissimulate performance competence. Finally, the principles of integrating the various findings and results that are incorporated into the assessment report are outlined.     

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 in Genetic Counseling Practice: Recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors

The objective of this document is to provide recommendations for the genetic counseling of patients and families undergoing evaluation for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) or who have received a diagnosis of NF1. These recommendations are the opinions of a multi-center working group of genetic counselors with expertise in the care of individuals with NF1. These recommendations are based on the committee’s clinical experiences, a review of pertinent English language medical articles, and reports of expert committees. These recommendations are not intended to dictate an exclusive course of management, nor does the use of such recommendations guarantee a particular outcome. These recommendations do not displace a health care provider’s professional judgment based on the clinical circumstances of an individual patient. Both Heather B. Radtke and Courtney D. Sebold contributed equally to this document.     

The Experiential Liberation Strategy of the Existential-Integrative Model of Therapy

This article summarizes the experiential liberation strategy of the existential-integrative (EI) model of therapy. The existential-integrative model of therapy provides one way to understand and coordinate a variety of intervention modes within an overarching ontological or experiential context. I will (1) define the experiential liberation strategy—such as its emphasis on the capacities to constrict, expand, and center psychophysiological capacities; (2) describe its salient features—such as the four stances that promote experiential liberation: presence, invoking the actual, vivifying and confronting resistance, and the cultivation of meaning and awe; and (3) illustrate the relevance of the strategy to case vignettes drawn from actual practice.

Task switching versus cue switching: using transition cuing to disentangle sequential effects in task-switching performance

Recent methodological advances have allowed researchers to address confounds in the measurement of task-switch costs in task-switching performance by dissociating cue switching from task switching. For example, in the transition-cuing procedure, which involves presenting cues for task transitions rather than for tasks, cue transitions (cue switches and cue repetitions) and task transitions (task switches and task repetitions) can be examined in a complete factorial design. Transition cuing removes the confound between cue transitions and first-order task transitions, but it introduces a confound between cue transitions and longer task sequences. In the present study, transition cuing was studied with two cues per transition (REPEAT and AGAIN for task repetitions; SWITCH and CHANGE for task switches), enabling a partial deconfounding of cue transitions and task sequences. Two experiments revealed robust sequential effects, with higher order task transitions affecting performance when cue transitions were held constant and with cue transitions affecting performance when task sequences were held constant. Methodological and theoretical implications of these findings for research on task switching are discussed.     

Whither Goest Personality at Work?: Overview of the special issue on "Work and Personality"

En s'appuyant sur les articles présentés, cette discussion insiste sur le fait qu'un programme de recherche sur la personnalité doit inclure, mais aussi dépasser, la sélection du personnel et le modèle en cinq facteurs. Les sujets suivants sont briévement abordés: (a) le rôle central que joue le comportement dans la compréhension de l'impact de la personnalité et des relations situation-personnalité; (b) le rôle de l'adaptation personne-environnement dans la compréhension du comportement au sein de l'organisation et de la liaison validité-critères; et (c) l'intérêt de faire appel à des concepts individuels, tel que l'identité, pour enrichir les études portant sur le thème "personnalité et travail". La conclusion de ces commentaires est qu'un bilan approfondi des recherches sur la personnalité, comme celui de ce numéro spécial, débouchera sur un champ d'investigation vivant à l'avenir assuré.
Using the contributed papers as a base, this discussion proposes that an agenda for research on personality should include, but go beyond, personnel selection and the five-factor model. The following topics are briefly discussed: (a) the central role that behaviour plays in understanding personality-outcome and situation-personality relationships; (b) the role of person-environment fit in understanding criterion-related validity and organisational behaviour; and (c) the usefulness of adding individual constructs, like identity, to the issues studied at work under the personality rubric. The commentary concludes with the thought that a broad research agenda on personality, like the one represented in this special issue, will produce a vibrant and long-lived field of inquiry.     

Death with a Story

This study investigates how game playing experience changes when a story is added to a first‐person shooter game. Dependent variables include identification, presence, emotional experiences and motivations. When story was present, game players felt greater identification, sense of presence, and physiological arousal. The presence of story did not affect self‐reported arousal or dominance. This study clearly demonstrates that story is something that video game players enjoy; it helps involve them in the game play, makes them feel more immersed in the virtual environment, and keeps them aroused. The greater character identification may be especially worrisome, as past research has shown that justified media violence disinhibits actual aggression on the part of the audience.     

Psychoanalytic training experience and postgraduate professional development: A survey of six decades of graduate analysts

This exploratory study explored the training and post‐training experience of graduates of the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis. All living graduates of the past six decades were invited to complete a survey that addressed their training analysis, classroom work, supervision and other training experiences as well as their degree of post‐graduation involvement in teaching, supervising, study groups and other professional endeavors. They were also asked to rate their sense of themselves as psychoanalysts and their satisfaction with their analytic career. Further, they were encouraged to provide spontaneous narrative data. Our findings contribute to the current understanding of the careers of psychoanalysts – including that there is a difference in generational cohorts regarding professional satisfaction, identification as an analyst, and experience of training. We also found that there are no real differences between analysts who do and do not have analytic patients on some important variables: supporting analysis as a treatment method, identifying oneself professionally with psychoanalysis, and disillusionment with psychoanalysis – which is consistent with other studies. Also discovered were differences between male and female analysts' perception of certain aspects of their training.     

Auditory distractor processing in sequential selection tasks

In this review, we analyze the cognitive processes contributing to selection in audition. In particular, we focus on the processing of auditory distractors in sequential selection paradigms in which target stimuli are accompanied by distractors. We review the evidence from two established tasks, namely the auditory negative priming and the auditory distractor–response binding task, and discuss the cognitive mechanisms contributing to the results typically observed in these tasks. In fact, several processes have been suggested as to explain how distractors are processed and handled in audition; that is, auditory distractors can be inhibited, encoded with a do-not-respond-tag, integrated into a stimulus–response episode containing the response to the target, or upheld in working memory and matched/mismatched with the following distractor. In addition, variables possibly modulating these cognitive processes are discussed. Finally, auditory distractor processing is compared with distractor processing in vision.     

Current misuses of multiple regression for investigating bivariate hypotheses: an example from the organizational domain

By definition, multiple regression (MR) considers more than one predictor variable, and each variable’s beta will depend on both its correlation with the criterion and its correlation with the other predictor(s). Despite ad nauseam coverage of this characteristic in organizational psychology and statistical texts, researchers’ applications of MR in bivariate hypothesis testing has been the subject of recent and renewed interest. Accordingly, we conducted a targeted survey of the literature by coding articles, covering a five-year span from two top-tier organizational journals, that employed MR for testing bivariate relations. The results suggest that MR coefficients, rather than correlation coefficients, were most common for testing hypotheses of bivariate relations, yet supporting theoretical rationales were rarely offered. Regarding the potential impact on scientific advancement, in almost half of the articles reviewed (44 %), at least one conclusion of each study (i.e., that the hypothesis was or was not supported) would have been different, depending on the author’s use of correlation or beta to test the bivariate hypothesis. It follows that inappropriate decisions to interpret the correlation versus the beta will affect the accumulation of consistent and replicable scientific evidence. We conclude with recommendations for improving bivariate hypothesis testing.