全文获取类型
收费全文 | 456篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
专业分类
482篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 18篇 |
2016年 | 32篇 |
2015年 | 19篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 51篇 |
2012年 | 22篇 |
2011年 | 30篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 12篇 |
2008年 | 12篇 |
2007年 | 18篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 16篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1953年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有482条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
471.
472.
473.
474.
475.
Gabriel Flynn 《新多明我会修道士》2004,85(998):426-443
476.
Jorge Tovar-Díaz Jean-Pascal Morín Jorge Eduardo Ríos-Carrillo Hilda Snchez de Jesús Gabriel Roldn-Roldn 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2021,28(5):153
In conditioned odor aversion (COA), the association of a tasteless odorized solution (the conditioned stimulus [CS]) with an intraperitoneal injection of LiCl (the unconditioned stimulus [US[), which produces visceral malaise, results in its future avoidance. The strength of this associative memory is mainly dependent on two parameters, that is, the strength of the US and the interstimuli interval (ISI). In rats, COA has been observed only with ISIs of ≤15 min and LiCl (0.15 M) doses of 2.0% of bodyweight, when tested 48 h after acquisition (long-term memory [LTM]). However, we previously reported a robust aversion in rats trained with ISIs up to 60 min when tested 4 h after acquisition (short-term memory [STM]). Since memories get reactivated during retrieval, in the current study we hypothesized that testing for STM would reactivate this COA trace, strengthening its LTM. For this, we compared the LTM of rats trained with long ISIs or low doses of LiCl initially tested for STM with that of rats tested for LTM only. Interestingly, rats conditioned under parameters sufficient to produce STM, but not LTM, showed a reliable LTM when first tested for STM. These observations suggest that under suboptimal training conditions, such as long ISIs or low US intensities, a CS–US association is established but requires reactivation in the short-term in order to persist in the long-term.The dynamic and malleable nature of memories is a well-studied phenomenon. Traditionally, for memory formation to occur, a set of processes collectively known as consolidation are thought to be needed in order to stabilize memories, making them susceptible to modification during this period (Dudai et al. 2015). More recently a slightly distinct theory, known as memory integration, was proposed according to which memories are rapidly formed during learning without the need for consolidation, but any relevant information around the event can be integrated modifying them (Gisquet-Verrier and Riccio 2019). Common to both theories though, is that memories alternate between an inactive and an active state and modifications can mostly occur during the active state, which lasts for some time after learning, or during its reactivation due to retrieval (Lee et al. 2017; Albo and Gräff 2018; Gisquet-Verrier and Riccio 2019). Thus, memory malleability is explained either because consolidation can be altered or because additional information can be integrated with the initial memory (Bailey et al. 1996; Dudai 2004; Wixted 2004; Alberini et al. 2006; Lee et al. 2008, 2017; McGaugh and Roozendaal 2009; Roesler and Schröder 2011; Dudai et al. 2015; Nader 2015; Crossley et al. 2019; Gisquet-Verrier and Riccio 2019).In conditioned odor aversion (COA), an odorized tasteless solution (conditioned stimulus, CS) whose ingestion is followed by gastrointestinal malaise (unconditioned stimulus, US) is rejected in future encounters (conditioned response, CR). In most COA studies, a robust aversion has been observed only when the interstimulus interval (ISI) is ∼5 min, and no significant aversion can be seen when the ISI is >15 min (Hankins et al. 1973; Palmerino et al. 1980; Ferry et al. 1995, 1996; Ferry and di Scala 1997; Ferry et al. 2006; Chapuis et al. 2007). This observation has been attributed to a short-lasting memory of the odor that becomes unavailable for its association with the US after ISI >15 min. However, in all these instances the CR was measured 48 h after conditioning (LTM test), leaving up the possibility that CS–US association was formed but somehow did not last till the long-term. In keeping with this possibility, we previously reported a significant aversion during a test performed 4 h after conditioning (i.e., STM test) in rats trained with ISIs up to 60 min, three times longer than previously described (Tovar-Díaz et al. 2011). The LTM, however, was not tested so no further insight was provided regarding its persistence due to STM reactivation.Thus, in the current paper we hypothesized that a STM test would reactivate the initial memory, allowing it to further consolidate/integrate the information and to persist in the LTM. To test this possibility, we trained independent groups of rats with reduced US intensities or prolonged ISIs in a standard two-bottle choice COA paradigm and tested them twice at 4 and 48 h after conditioning. Our findings suggest that COA takes place under milder US and longer ISIs than previously thought and reactivating this memory during the STM test promotes its persistence in the LTM test. 相似文献
477.
478.
479.
Personality development research heavily relies on the comparison of scale means across age. This approach implicitly assumes that the scales are strictly measurement invariant across age. We questioned this assumption by examining whether appropriate personality indicators change over the lifespan. Moreover, we identified which types of items (e.g. dispositions, behaviours, and interests) are particularly prone to age effects. We reanalyzed the German Revised NEO Personality Inventory normative sample (N = 11,724) and applied a genetic algorithm to select short scales that yield acceptable model fit and reliability across locally weighted samples ranging from 16 to 66 years of age. We then examined how the item selection changes across age points and item types. Emotion‐type items seemed to be interchangeable and generally applicable to people of all ages. Specific interests, attitudes, and social effect items—most prevalent within the domains of Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Openness—seemed to be more prone to measurement variations over age. A large proportion of items were systematically discarded by the item‐selection procedure, indicating that, independent of age, many items are problematic measures of the underlying traits. The implications for personality assessment and personality development research are discussed. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology 相似文献
480.