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21.
A B Doyle 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1973,15(1):100-115
One hundred eight children 8, 11, and 14 years old selected one auditory message from two (male-female voice cue). Retention of target and distracting words was tested. Fifty-four control Ss heard the target message alone. Contrary to some earlier studies, distraction hindered the target performance of younger children more than older children. In the experimental groups target retention increased linearly with age but distraction retention remained constant. Intrusions from the distracting message during the selection task decreased greatly with increasing age. These and other results were interpreted as showing that the superior selective listening performance of older children is due not to a greater ability to filter out distracting material at an early stage of processing, but in large part to an ability to inhibit intrusions from the distracting material during the selection task. 相似文献
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The Availability of Psychological Services for Aged Care Residents in Australia: A Survey of Facility Staff 下载免费PDF全文
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Paternal Caregivers’ Parenting Practices and Psychological Functioning among African American Youth Living in Urban Public Housing 下载免费PDF全文
Otima Doyle Trenette Clark Goings Qiana R. Cryer‐Coupet Margaret Lombe Jennifer Stephens Von E. Nebbitt 《Family process》2017,56(3):752-765
Structural factors associated with public housing contribute to living environments that expose families to adverse life events that may in turn directly impact parenting and youth outcomes. However, despite the growth in research on fathers, research on families in public housing has practically excluded fathers and the role fathers play in the well‐being of their adolescents. Using a sample of 660 African American adolescents recruited from public housing, we examined the relationship between paternal caregivers’ (i.e., fathers’ and father figures’) parenting practices and adolescents’ depressive symptoms, attitudes toward deviance, and self‐efficacy. Using a latent profile analysis (LPA), we confirmed a four‐class model of paternal parenting practices ranging from high to low levels of monitoring and encouragement. Results from a one‐way ANOVA indicated that paternal caregivers with high (compared to moderate) levels of encouragement and monitoring were associated with youth who reported less depressive symptoms, higher levels of self‐efficacy, and less favorable attitudes toward deviance. Discriminant analysis results indicated that approximately half of the sample were correctly classified into two paternal caregiver classes. The findings provide evidence that some of these caregivers engage in parenting practices that support youths’ psychological functioning. More research is needed to determine what accounts for the variability in levels of paternal encouragement and supervision, including environmental influences, particularly for paternal caregivers exhibiting moderate‐to‐low levels of paternal encouragement and monitoring. 相似文献
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Objectification theory (Fredrickson and Roberts 1997) proposes that women are especially vulnerable to eating disordered behavior when they live in cultures in which their bodies are a constant focus of evaluation. The current study examined whether predictions of objectification theory involving the associations among sexual objectification, body surveillance, body shame, and eating disordered behavior were supported in groups that varied by both gender and sexual orientation. Adults from a U.S. community sample in the Chicago area (92 heterosexual women; 102 heterosexual men; 87 gay men; and 99 lesbian women) completed self-report measures of these constructs. Results suggest that group differences in experiences of sexual objectification and body surveillance may partially explain gender and sexual orientation-based differences in eating disordered behavior. 相似文献
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This paper describes the establishment of and the issues experienced by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of a Business
School within a University in Ireland. It identifies the issue of voluntarily given informed consent as a key challenge for RECs operating in a Business School context. The paper argues that whilst the typology of ethical
issues in business research are similar to the wider social sciences, the fact that much research is carried out in the workplace
adds to the complexity of the REC deliberations. The use of deception in the design of research studies, pestering the local
community and the potential for harm to the researcher are also discussed briefly in the context of business research. The
experiences of the authors’, two of whom have served as respective chairpersons of the business school REC since its inception
in addition to being members of the university level REC, inform the discussion. 相似文献
29.
Styles of lettering (i.e., fonts) can differ in their appropriateness for describing certain types of brands and products. We use the Osgood dimensions of evaluation, potency, and activity to measure the connotative meaning of fonts and product categories. Judgments of the appropriateness of a font for a product partly depend on the consistency between the connotative meaning of the font and that of the product along dimensions of potency and activity. However, its perceived appropriateness also depends on the connotative meaning of the font per se, indeendent of the type of product being described. These differences are also evident when participants choose a company to call on the basis of ads similar to those found in the Yellow Pages. Finally, the effect of the meaning that people assign to a font is similar to the effect of the meaning they assign to the product's name itself. 相似文献
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Religious duress is a unique kind of threat and constraint involuntarily experienced by some members of the Roman Catholic
Church as a result of religious indoctrination and training. Fear, awe and respect for the clergy foster the development and
actualization of religious duress. This phenomenon can seriously impede a person’s capacity to accurately perceive and evaluate abusive actions perpetrated
on them by clergy. This constraint poses an impediment to emotional and spiritual development. Internalized religious duress
confuses and psychologically overwhelms such individuals and renders them incapable of absorbing their sexual trauma. The
consequent feelings of numbness and immobility distort the perception of reality. It then becomes impossible for the individual
to act in a manner that would protect and promote emotional growth and spiritual well being. 相似文献