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81.
Amy L. Ai Eugene Aisenberg Saskia I. Weiss Dulny Salazar 《American journal of community psychology》2014,53(1-2):173-184
Social Identity Theory indicates that ethnic identity could benefit minority members in a society because of its promotion of a sense of belonging, or of its buffering of the damage of discrimination. Despite growing investigation about Latinos’ overall health, few studies have simultaneously examined the influence of multiple cultural strength factors, especially racial/ethnic identity, social support, and religious attendance, on these outcomes. Using the National Latino and Asian American Study, we examine the potential predictive value of these cultural strength factors on Latinos’ Self-Rated Mental and Physical Health (SRMH and SRPH). Two separate two-step regression models revealed significant positive effects of racial/ethnic identity on both mental and physical health of Latinos, above and beyond the effect of known demographic and acculturation factors, such as discrimination. Religious attendance had a positive effect on SRMH but not on SRPH. The deteriorating roles of discrimination, in mental health only, and that of Length in the US in both outcomes, however, was primarily not altered by entry of these cultural strength factors. The independent direct effect of racial/ethnic identity among Latinos nationwide may suggest that this cultural strength is an internalized protective asset. Longitudinal data is needed to explore its underlying mechanism and long-term impact. 相似文献
82.
According to recent embodied cognition theories, mental concepts are represented by modality-specific sensory-motor systems.
Much of the evidence for modality-specificity in conceptual processing comes from the property-verification task. When applying
this and other tasks, it is important to select items based on their modality-exclusivity. We collected modality ratings for
a set of 387 properties, each of which was paired with two different concepts, yielding a total of 774 concept-property items.
For each item, participants rated the degree to which the property could be experienced through five perceptual modalities
(vision, audition, touch, smell, and taste). Based on these ratings, we computed a measure of modality exclusivity, the degree
to which a property is perceived exclusively through one sensory modality. In this paper, we briefly sketch the theoretical
background of conceptual knowledge, discuss the use of the property-verification task in cognitive research, provide our norms
and statistics, and validate the norms in a memory experiment. We conclude that our norms are important for researchers studying
modality-specific effects in conceptual processing. 相似文献
83.
Conceptual knowledge is acquired through recurrent experiences, by extracting statistical regularities at different levels of granularity. At a fine level, patterns of feature co-occurrence are categorized into objects. At a coarser level, patterns of concept co-occurrence are categorized into contexts. We present and test CONCAT, a connectionist model that simultaneously learns to categorize objects and contexts. The model contains two hierarchically organized CALM modules (Murre, Phaf, & Wolters, 1992). The first module, the Object Module, forms object representations based on co-occurrences between features. These representations are used as input for the second module, the Context Module, which categorizes contexts based on object co-occurrences. Feedback connections from the Context Module to the Object Module send activation from the active context to those objects that frequently occur within this context. We demonstrate that context feedback contributes to the successful categorization of objects, especially when bottom-up feature information is degraded or ambiguous. 相似文献
84.
de Jonghe F de Maat S Barber JP Abbas A Luyten P Gomperts W Swinkels J Dekker J 《Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association》2012,60(2):361-387
Long-Term Psychoanalytic Treatments (LTPT) include both long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy (LTPP) and psychoanalysis (PsAn). Current opinion seems to be that there is some evidence for the effectiveness of LTPP, but none for that of PsAn. This may be due in part to researchers not balancing the level of evidence of randomized controlled studies (RCTs), cohort studies, and pre-post studies with patients' acceptance of these various research designs used in studying the effectiveness of LTPT. After a review of the merits of eight possible control conditions for LTPT in RCTs and cohort studies, and a consideration of the limitations and merits of pre-post studies, it was found that RCTs pair high levels of evidence with limited degrees of patient acceptance, especially where PsAn is concerned. Cohort studies appear to provide at most a moderate level of evidence. Their acceptability is hardly better than that of RCTs, as it depends on the acceptability of control conditions similar to those of RCTs. The acceptability of pre-post studies is much better, but they can provide, at most, a moderate level of evidence. Apart from randomization, they can meet all methodological criteria for high-quality research (often they do not, but there are ways to correct this). In summary, in the long-term treatment of complex mental disorders with LTPT, RCTs often pair a high level of evidence with limited patient acceptance of the method. Compared to RCTs, cohort studies show a lower level of evidence without much gain in acceptability. Pre-post studies pair the highest level of acceptability with the lowest level of evidence of the three designs. Limited acceptability is not to be confused with no acceptability, nor moderate level of evidence with none. 相似文献
85.
86.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of an 8-week mindfulness training for children aged 8–12 with ADHD and parallel mindful
parenting training for their parents. Parents (N = 22) completed questionnaires on their child’s ADHD and ODD symptoms, their own ADHD symptoms, parenting stress, parental
overreactivity, permissiveness and mindful awareness before, immediately after the 8-week training and at 8-week follow-up.
Teachers reported on ADHD and ODD behavior of the child. A within-group waitlist was used to control for the effects of time
and repeated measurement. Training was delivered in group format. There were no significant changes between wait-list and
pre-test, except on the increase of teacher-rated ODD behavior. There was a significant reduction of parent-rated ADHD behavior
of themselves and their child from pre-to posttest and from pre- to follow-up test. Further, there was a significant increase
of mindful awareness from pre-to posttest and a significant reduction of parental stress and overreactivity from pre-to follow-up
test. Teacher-ratings showed non-significant effects. Our study shows preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of mindfulness
for children with ADHD and their parents, as rated by parents. However, in the absence of substantial effects on teacher-ratings,
we cannot ascertain effects are due to specific treatment procedures. 相似文献
87.
Saskia Coenen Snyder 《Jewish History》2011,25(1):43-67
This article examines synagogue building and synagogue architecture in Amsterdam during the second half of the nineteenth
century. The Dutch capital, known in local parlance as “Mokum,” took a very different path than other European capitals. While
Jewish communities across Europe initiated massive building plans, the Amsterdam Jewish community reverted to building small
and modest hevra synagogues (independent prayer group synagogues) and refrained from constructing a monumental house of worship. There are
multiple reasons why this happened: among others, the persistent poverty among the large working class population, the small
Jewish elite, a communal priority given to providing poor relief rather than initiating new building programs, the presence
of two large seventeenth-century synagogues in the center of the Jewish neighborhood, and a general disinterest in creating
an “architecture of emancipation.” This article presents an analysis of the Dutch case and places it within the larger context
of European synagogue architecture. It also takes a close look at the Gerard Dou synagogue which was inaugurated in 1892,
a hevra synagogue built in the Dutch neo-Renaissance style. 相似文献
88.
89.
Seger M. Breugelmans Fons J.R. van de Vijver Saskia G.S. Schalk-Soekar 《Psychologie appliquee》2009,58(4):653-671
The success of multiculturalism as an ideology to deal with cultural differences depends upon the level of support for multiculturalism by majority members. It has been argued that support for multiculturalism in the Netherlands has substantially changed in response to various national and international events, such as the terrorist attacks on New York (2001), Madrid (2004), and London (2005), and the assassinations of popular politician Fortuyn (2002) and controversial movie director Van Gogh (2004). We compared survey data on Dutch majority attitudes in 1999 ( n = 333), 2001 ( n = 1,266), 2004 ( n = 246), 2005 ( n = 170), 2006 ( n = 306), and 2007 ( n = 464). Contrary to popular belief, we found little evidence for enduring attitude changes over the nine-year period. Implications for studies of multiculturalism and for policy-makers are discussed.
Le succès du multiculturalisme en tant qu'idéologie pour appréhender les différences culturelles dépend du soutien dont il bénéficie de la part de la majorité de la population. On a dit que l'approbation du multiculturalisme s'était profondément altérée aux Pays-Bas à la suite de divers évènements nationaux et internationaux, telles que les attaques terroristes sur New York (2001), Madrid (2004) et Londres (2005), et les assassinats du politicien populaire Fortuyn (2002) et du metteur en scène controversé Van Gogh (2004). On a comparé des données d'enquête sur les attitudes majoritaires chez les Néerlandais en 1999 ( n = 333), 2001 ( n = 1,266), 2004 ( n = 246), 2005 ( n = 170), 2006 ( n = 306) et 2007 ( n = 464). A l'encontre de la croyance populaire, un changement d'attitudes durable est loin d'être évident sur cette période de neuf ans. On discute des conséquences pour les études sur le multiculturalisme et les projets politiques. 相似文献
Le succès du multiculturalisme en tant qu'idéologie pour appréhender les différences culturelles dépend du soutien dont il bénéficie de la part de la majorité de la population. On a dit que l'approbation du multiculturalisme s'était profondément altérée aux Pays-Bas à la suite de divers évènements nationaux et internationaux, telles que les attaques terroristes sur New York (2001), Madrid (2004) et Londres (2005), et les assassinats du politicien populaire Fortuyn (2002) et du metteur en scène controversé Van Gogh (2004). On a comparé des données d'enquête sur les attitudes majoritaires chez les Néerlandais en 1999 ( n = 333), 2001 ( n = 1,266), 2004 ( n = 246), 2005 ( n = 170), 2006 ( n = 306) et 2007 ( n = 464). A l'encontre de la croyance populaire, un changement d'attitudes durable est loin d'être évident sur cette période de neuf ans. On discute des conséquences pour les études sur le multiculturalisme et les projets politiques. 相似文献
90.
Sylvia M. van der Pal Celeste M. Maguire Jeanet. Bruil Saskia. Cessie Paul. van Zwieten Sylvia. Veen Jan M. Wit Frans J. Walther Dr 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2008,26(1):103-115
This study explored the effects of basic developmental care on the behaviour of very pre‐term infants and parental stress at 1 and 2 years of corrected age. A randomized controlled trial was done to compare basic Developmental Care (standardized nests and incubator covers) and controls (standard care). Parents of infants born <32 weeks of gestation completed questionnaires measuring child behaviour and parental stress at 1 year (N = 139) and 2 years (N = 133) of the child's age. Parental stress was measured using the Nijmegen Parenting Stress Index and child behaviour was measured using the Infant–Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) and the Child Behaviour Checklist 2–3. At 1 year of age, children in the basic developmental care group had significantly higher behaviour scores on the total competence domain (p = .009) and the competence subscale mastery motivation (p = .002) of the ITSEA questionnaire, meaning that the infants showed more curiosity, persistence, obedience and enjoyment with small accomplishments. No significant effects were found on problem behaviour or parenting stress. We conclude that introducing a basic form of developmental care in the neonatal intensive care unit has a positive influence on the child's competence behaviour at 1 year of age. 相似文献