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181.
Lydia M. Hopper Susan P. Lambeth Steven J. Schapiro Sarah F. Brosnan 《Animal cognition》2014,17(6):1303-1311
Why do chimpanzees react when their partner gets a better deal than them? Do they note the inequity or do their responses reflect frustration in response to unattainable rewards? To tease apart inequity and contrast, we tested chimpanzees in a series of conditions that created loss through individual contrast, through inequity, or by both. Chimpanzees were tested in four social and two individual conditions in which they received food rewards in return for exchanging tokens with an experimenter. In conditions designed to create individual contrast, after completing an exchange, the chimpanzees were given a relatively less-preferred reward than the one they were previously shown. The chimpanzees’ willingness to accept the less-preferred rewards was independent of previously offered foods in both the social and individual conditions. In conditions that created frustration through inequity, subjects were given a less-preferred reward than the one received by their partner, but not in relation to the reward they were previously offered. In a social context, females were more likely to refuse to participate when they received a less-preferred reward than their partner (disadvantageous inequity), than when they received a more-preferred reward (advantageous inequity). Specifically, the females’ refusals were typified by refusals to exchange tokens rather than refusals to accept food rewards. Males showed no difference in their responses to inequity or individual contrast. These results support previous evidence that some chimpanzees’ responses to inequity are mediated more strongly by what others receive than by frustration effects. 相似文献
182.
Sarah E. Vaala 《Media Psychology》2014,17(3):282-310
Viewing television and video programming has become a normative behavior among U.S. infants and toddlers. Little is understood about the extent of parents' decision making regarding their young children's viewing, although numerous organizations are interested in reducing time spent viewing among infants and toddlers. Prior research has examined parents' belief in the educational value of TV/videos for young children and the predictive value of this belief for understanding infant and toddler viewing rates, although other possible salient beliefs remain largely unexplored. This study employs the integrative model of behavioral prediction to examine 30 maternal beliefs about infants' and toddlers' TV/video viewing, which were elicited from a prior sample of mothers. Results indicate that mothers tend to hold more positive than negative beliefs about the outcomes associated with young children's TV/video viewing and that the nature of the aggregate set of beliefs is predictive of their general attitudes and intentions to allow their children to view, as well as children's estimated viewing rates. Analyses also uncover multiple dimensions within the full set of beliefs, which explain more variance in mothers' attitudes and intentions and children's viewing than the uni-dimensional index. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
183.
Ryan K. Gottfredson Sarah L. Wright Emily D. Heaphy 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2022,95(3):624-659
Social relationships in and around work are a fundamental building block of organizational life. According to a number of relationship theories, the quality of those relationships is a critical aspect of their influence on a variety of employee and organizational outcomes. Relationship quality is, therefore, one of the most commonly studied constructs in management research. Our paper critically reviews the landscape of relationship quality measures used in management studies, identifying critical issues with how the construct has been conceptualized and measured. To help advance research on the subject and improve measurement, we identify and evaluate 21 relationship quality measures that have been developed for, or used in, management research. Overall, we find that the instruments used to measure relationship quality in management research have significant limitations associated with their conceptualizations and operationalizations. Many of these limitations stem from the fact that most of the measures used to assess the construct were not originally designed to measure relationship quality, which impedes research clarity and implications. We offer a future research agenda and several recommendations for the advancement of management research on relationship quality. 相似文献
184.
Matjasko Jennifer L. Chovnick Gary Bradford Joivita Treves-Kagan Sarah Usher Kristen Vaughn Elizabeth Ingoldsby Erin 《Journal of child and family studies》2022,31(4):1145-1157
Journal of Child and Family Studies - The opioid crisis is a significant challenge for health and human service systems that serve children, youth, and families across the United States. Between... 相似文献
185.
Robertson Noelle Gunn Sarah Piper Rebecca 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2022,29(2):344-356
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings - Few studies have investigated emotional experiences in people living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, self-conscious emotions,... 相似文献
186.
Newcomb-Anjo Sarah Mulvihill Kathryn Karbainova Daria Barker Erin T. 《Journal of Adult Development》2022,29(2):121-135
Journal of Adult Development - How well emerging adults adapt to transitions, like entering or graduating from post-secondary education, may depend on individual differences. Emotional wellbeing... 相似文献
187.
Steffgen Sarah Teresa Otterpohl Nantje Wessing Franziska Schwinger Malte Assor Avi Kanat-Maymon Yaniv Gueta Bat El Stiensmeier-Pelster Joachim 《Journal of child and family studies》2022,31(9):2412-2423
Journal of Child and Family Studies - Parents whose self-esteem is contingent on their children’s achievements tend to exert more control over their children by displaying decreased affection... 相似文献
188.
Hill Sarah E. M. Ward Wendy L. Seay A. Buzenski J. 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2022,29(3):557-569
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings - Mentoring has a long tradition in academic health centers, and from an institutional perspective can positively impact retention, wellness,... 相似文献
189.
Karl Johannes Alfons Verhaeghen Paul Aikman Shelley N. Solem Stian Lassen Espen R. Fischer Ronald 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2022,23(7):3531-3547
Journal of Happiness Studies - Ancient philosophy proposed a wide range of possible approaches to life which may enhance well-being. Stoic philosophy has influenced various therapeutic traditions.... 相似文献
190.
Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences - In recent years, work in cognitive science on human subjectivity as 4E (embodied, embedded, enactive and extended) has found a significant... 相似文献