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941.
Alcohol consumption increases aggression, but only in some drinkers. This study examines how expectancies for alcohol‐induced aggression and dispositional aggression moderate the link between alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related violence, building on previous studies that have employed limited measures of alcohol‐related violence and included few women. A sample of 212 men and women reported their alcohol consumption, alcohol‐aggression expectancies, dispositional aggression, and incidents of alcohol‐related aggressive acts. Alcohol‐aggression expectancies and quantity of alcohol consumed interacted to predict alcohol‐related aggression. Alcohol‐aggression expectancies covaried with alcohol‐related aggressive acts, particularly in heavier drinkers. Dispositional aggression also correlated with alcohol‐related aggression among heavier drinkers. These results help identify that alcohol might increase aggression only among heavy drinkers who expect alcohol to increase aggression or who are dispositionally aggressive. Aggr. Behav. 32:517–527, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Gary J. Duhon Sara E. House Brian C. Poncy Kim W. Hastings Sally C. McClurg 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2010,19(1):62-75
This study examined the application of two generalization procedures designed to promote generalized responding across two
early literacy skills. Letter sound fluency was targeted using direct intervention for three subjects within a multiple baseline
design. After instruction was complete, two generalization procedures (cueing and providing sufficient response exemplars)
were tested in an increasingly intense application of the procedures to determine whether sufficient levels of response generalization
to letter sound blending could be programmed. Results indicated that although some subjects demonstrated minor levels of unprogrammed
or spontaneous generalization, more complete levels of generalization were accomplished only once generalization techniques
were employed. 相似文献
944.
Theodora Gale Sara Pasalodos-Sanchez Lauren Kerzin-Storrar Georgina Hall Rhona MacLeod 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(1):55-67
The explanation of Mendelian inheritance is a key component of most genetic counselling consultations, yet no evidence base
exists for this area of practice. This qualitative study used Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) to explore how information
about X-linked inheritance is provided and received in genetic counseling. Twelve consultations involving two senior genetic
counselors and 21 counselees were videotaped. Section(s) of videotape featuring the explanation were subsequently played back
separately to both counselees and counselors and their responses and reflections recorded. All interviews were fully transcribed
and analysed using the constant comparison method. A personalised diagram, drawn “live” by the counselor during the consultation
was recalled by counselees as being central to their understanding of the “bottom line”. This helped bridge the gap between
scientific information and their family experience and did not appear to require a baseline understanding of genetic concepts
such as genes or chromosomes. Counselors reflected on the diagram’s positive impact on the way they sequenced, paced and tailored
the explanation. A positive counselor-counselee relationship was vital even during this educative exchange: for counselees
to feel at ease discussing complex genetic information and to help gauge counselee understanding. 相似文献
945.
Sara Macellini Pier Francesco Ferrari Luca Bonini Leonardo Fogassi Annika Paukner 《Animal cognition》2010,13(4):631-639
Classic mirror self-recognition mark tests involve familiarizing the subject with its mirror image, surreptitiously applying
a mark on the subject’s eyebrow, nose, or ear, and measuring self-directed behaviors toward the mark. For many non-human primate
species, however, direct gaze at the face constitutes an aggressive and threatening signal. It is therefore possible that
monkeys fail the mark test because they do not closely inspect their faces in a mirror and hence they have no expectations
about their physical appearance. In the current study, we prevented two pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) from seeing their own faces in a mirror, and we adopted a modified version of the classic mark test in which monkeys were
marked on the chest, a body region to which they normally have direct visual access but that in the current study was visible
only via a mirror. Neither monkey tried to touch the mark on its chest, possibly due to a failure to understand the mirror
as a reflective surface. To further the monkeys’ understanding of the mirror image, we trained them to reach for food using
the mirror as the only source of information. After both monkeys had learned mirror-mediated reaching, we replicated the mark
test. In this latter phase of the study, only one monkey scratched the red dye on the chest once. The results are consistent
with other findings suggesting that monkeys are not capable of passing a mark test and imply that face and body recognition
rely on the same cognitive abilities. 相似文献
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Three hundred ninety-four college students (148 men and 246 women; 42% White, 25% Hispanic, and 23% Asian) were assessed on masculine instrumentality (M), feminine expressiveness (F), gender diagnosticity (GD), and the Big Five personality traits (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness). Participants completed a 16-item sexual behavior and attitude questionnaire that asked about their attraction to men, their attraction to women, their degree of emotional commitment in sexual relationships, their level of sex drive, and their interest in visual sexual stimuli and fantasy. Factor analysis of sexual behavior and attitude items for men showed four factors: Bipolar Sexual Orientation, Emotional Commitment, Sex Drive, and Sexual Fantasy. Factor analysis of items for women showed four somewhat different factors: Homosexuality, Heterosexuality, Emotional Commitment, and Sex Drive. Thus, sexual orientation proved to be bipolar for men, but two-dimensional for women. For men, Sexual Orientation correlated most strongly with GD, less with M, and not at all with F. Among women, there were few significant correlations between personality measures and Homosexuality or Heterosexuality. 相似文献
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