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51.
Gionata Stancher Valeria Anna Sovrano Davide Potrich Giorgio Vallortigara 《Animal cognition》2013,16(2):307-312
Discrimination of quantity has been argued to rely on two non-verbal representational systems: an object file system (OFS) for representing small values (≤3–4) and an analog magnitude system (AMS) for representing large magnitudes (>4). Infants’ ability to discriminate 1 versus 2, 1 versus 3, 2 versus 3, but not 1 versus 4 or 2 versus 4 seems to prove the independence of such systems. Here, we show that redtail splitfin fish (Xenotoca eiseni) performed relative quantity estimations preferring to approach the location previously occupied by the larger in number between two groups of conspecifics (no longer visible at test) in sets of 1 versus 2 and 2 versus 3 items, but failed at 3 versus 4 items, thus showing the same set-size limit as infants for discrimination of small quantities. However, when tested with quantities that spanned the boundary of the two systems, that is, 1 versus 4 and 2 versus 4, fish succeeded. These results thus point to either the use of continuous physical variables and/or the use of the AMS also for small numerousness in fish in this task. 相似文献
52.
Anna Sedda Davide Rivolta Pina Scarpa Michael Burt Elisa Frigerio Gabriele Zanardi Ada Piazzini Katherine Turner Maria Paola Canevini Stefano Francione Giorgio Lo Russo Gabriella Bottini 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2013,13(3):452-463
The lateralization of emotion processing is currently debated and may be further explored by examining facial expression recognition (FER) impairments in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Furthermore, there is also debate in the literature whether FER deficits in individuals with TLE are more pronounced in the right than in the left hemisphere. Individuals with TLE were tested with an FER task designed to be more sensitive than those classically used to shed light on this issue. A total of 25 right- and 32 left-TLE patients, candidates for surgery, along with controls, underwent an FER task composed of stimuli shown not only at full-blown intensities (100 %), but also morphed to lower-intensity display levels (35 %, 50 %, and 75 %). The results showed that, as compared to controls, right-TLE patients showed deficits in the recognition of all emotional categories. Furthermore, when considering valence, right-TLE patients were impaired only in negative emotion recognition, but no deficits for positive emotions were highlighted in left-TLE patients. Finally, only the right-TLE patients’ impairment was found to be related to the age of epilepsy onset. Our work demonstrates that the FER deficits in TLE span multiple emotional categories and show manifestations dependent on the laterality of the epileptic focus. Taken together, our findings provide the strongest evidence for the right-hemisphere model, but they also partially support the valence model. We suggest that current models are not exhaustive at explaining emotional-processing cerebral control, and further that multistep models should be developed. 相似文献
53.
Machery Edouard Stich Stephen Rose David Alai Mario Angelucci Adriano Berniūnas Renatas Buchtel Emma E. Chatterjee Amita Cheon Hyundeuk Cho In-Rae Cohnitz Daniel Cova Florian Dranseika Vilius Lagos Ángeles Eraña Ghadakpour Laleh Grinberg Maurice Hannikainen Ivar Hashimoto Takaaki Horowitz Amir Hristova Evgeniya Jraissati Yasmina Kadreva Veselina Karasawa Kaori Kim Hackjin Kim Yeonjeong Lee Minwoo Mauro Carlos Mizumoto Masaharu Moruzzi Sebastiano Olivola Christopher Y. Ornelas Jorge Osimani Barbara Romero Carlos Lopez Alejandro Rosas Sangoi Massimo Sereni Andrea Songhorian Sarah Sousa Paulo Struchiner Noel Tripodi Vera Usui Naoki del Mercado Alejandro Vázquez Volpe Giorgio Vosgerichian Hrag Abraham Zhang Xueyi Zhu Jing 《印度哲学研究理事会杂志》2017,34(3):517-541
Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research - This article examines whether people share the Gettier intuition (viz. that someone who has a true justified belief that p may nonetheless fail... 相似文献
54.
Spatial attention is a key factor in the exploration and processing of the surrounding environment, and plays a role in linking magnitudes such as space, time, and numbers. The present work evaluates whether shifting the coordinates of spatial attention through rotational head movements may affect the ability to estimate the duration of different time intervals. A computer-based implicit timing task was employed, in which participants were asked to concentrate and report verbally on colour changes of sequential stimuli displayed on a computer screen; subsequently, they were required to reproduce the temporal duration (ranging between 5 and 80 sec.) of the perceived stimuli using the computer keyboard. There was statistically significant overestimation of the 80-sec. intervals exclusively on the rightward rotation head posture, whereas head posture did not affect timing performances on shorter intervals. These findings support the hypothesis that the coordinates of spatial attention influence the ability to process time, consistent with the existence of common cortical metrics of space and time in healthy humans. 相似文献
55.
Experimental Evidence From Newborn Chicks Enriches Our Knowledge on Human Spatial–Numerical Associations
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Rosa Rugani Giorgio Vallortigara Konstantinos Priftis Lucia Regolin 《Cognitive Science》2017,41(8):2275-2279
Núñez and Fias raised concerns on whether our results demonstrate a linear number‐space mapping. Patro and Nuerk urge caution on the use of animal models to understand the origin (cultural vs. biological) of the orientation of spatial–numerical association. Here, we discuss why both objections are unfounded. 相似文献
56.
Newborn chicks were tested for their sensitivity to number vs. continuous physical extent of artificial objects they had been reared with soon after hatching. Because of the imprinting process, such objects were treated by chicks as social companions. We found that when the objects were similar, chicks faced with choices between 1 vs. 2 or 2 vs. 3 objects chose the set of objects of larger numerosity, irrespective of the number of objects they had been reared with. Moreover, when volume, surface or contour length were controlled for using sets of 1 vs. 4, 1 vs. 6 or 1 vs. 3 objects, chicks resorted to choosing the larger object, rather than the familiar numerosity. When, however, chicks were reared with objects differing in their aspect (colour, size, and shape) and then tested with completely novel objects (of different colour and shape but controlled for continuous extent), they chose to associate with the same number of objects they had been reared with. These results suggest that identification of objects as different and separate individuals is crucial for the computation of number rather than continuous extent in numerical representation of small numerosities and provide a striking parallel with results obtained in human infants. Early availability of small numerosity discrimination by chicks strongly suggests that these abilities are in place at birth. 相似文献
57.
Animals can reorient making use of the geometric shape of an environment, i.e., using sense and metric properties of surfaces.
Animals reared soon after birth either in circular or in rectangular enclosures (and thus affording different experiences
with metric properties of the spatial layout) showed similar abilities when tested for spatial reorientation in a rectangular
enclosure. Thus, early experience in environments with different geometric characteristics does not seem to affect animals’
ability to reorient using sense and metric information. However, some results seem to suggest that when geometric and non-geometric
information are set in conflict, rearing experience could affect the relative dominance of featural (landmark) and geometric
information. In three separate experiments, newborn chicks reared either in circular- or in rectangular-shaped home-cages
were tested for spatial reorientation in a rectangular enclosure, with featural information provided either by panels at the
corners or by a blue-coloured wall. At test, when faced with affine transformations in the arrangement of featural information
that contrasted with the geometric information, chicks showed no evidence of any effect of early experience on their relative
use of geometric and featural information for spatial reorientation. These findings suggest that, at least for this highly
precocial species, the ability to deal with geometry seems to depend more on predisposed mechanisms than on learning and experience
after hatching. 相似文献
58.
David Rose Edouard Machery Stephen Stich Mario Alai Adriano Angelucci Renatas Berninas Emma E. Buchtel Amita Chatterjee Hyundeuk Cheon In‐Rae Cho Daniel Cohnitz Florian Cova Vilius Dranseika ngeles Eraa Lagos Laleh Ghadakpour Maurice Grinberg Ivar Hannikainen Takaaki Hashimoto Amir Horowitz Evgeniya Hristova Yasmina Jraissati Veselina Kadreva Kaori Karasawa Hackjin Kim Yeonjeong Kim Minwoo Lee Carlos Mauro Masaharu Mizumoto Sebastiano Moruzzi Christopher Y. Olivola Jorge Ornelas Barbara Osimani Carlos Romero Alejandro Rosas Lopez Massimo Sangoi Andrea Sereni Sarah Songhorian Paulo Sousa Noel Struchiner Vera Tripodi Naoki Usui Alejandro Vzquez del Mercado Giorgio Volpe Hrag Abraham Vosgerichian Xueyi Zhang Jing Zhu 《No?s (Detroit, Mich.)》2019,53(1):224-247
59.
Training generalized spatial skills 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wright R Thompson WL Ganis G Newcombe NS Kosslyn SM 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2008,15(4):763-771
Spatial transformation skills are an essential aspect of cognitive ability. These skills can be improved by practice, but
such improvement has usually been specific to tasks and stimuli. The present study investigated whether intensive long-term
practice leads to change that transcends stimulus and task parameters. Thirty-one participants (14 male, 17 female) were tested
on three cognitive tasks: a computerized version of the Shepard-Metzler (1971) mental rotation task (MRT), a mental paper-folding
task (MPFT), and a verbal analogies task (VAT). Each individual then participated in daily practice sessions with the MRT
or the MPFT over 21 days. Postpractice comparisons revealed transfer of practice gains to novel stimuli for the practiced
task, as well as transfer to the other, nonpracticed spatial task. Thus, practice effects were process based, not instance
based. Improvement in the nonpracticed spatial task was greater than that in the VAT; thus, improvement was not merely due
to greater ease with computerized testing. 相似文献
60.